Nuke, Alfega Audia and Dr. Akhmad Rizali,, SP., M.SI and Dr. Mochammad Syamsul Hadi,, SP., MP. (2022) Pengaruh Komposisi Lanskap terhadap Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Ordo Diptera pada Pertanaman Padi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Padi merupakan tanaman sumber konsumsi pokok bagi masyarakat Indonesia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan. Setiap tahunnya permintaan produk padi selalu meningkat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Namun tiap tahun produksi padi di Indonesia mengalami penurunan hasil. Upaya konservasi seperti manajemen habitat lahan pertanian, menjadi sangat penting dilakukan untuk mempertahankan keberadaan serangga yang mempunyai peran penting. Namun disisi lain masih banyak orang yang tidak mengetahui hakekat lanskap dan kaitannya dengan konservasi biodiversitas. Struktur lanskap dapat dibedakan menjadi patch (fragmen), matrix (matriks) dan corridor (koridor). Fragmen adalah area homogen yang dapat dibedakan dari daerah di sekitarnya, matriks adalah fragmen yang dominan sedangkan koridor adalah fragmen yang berbentuk memanjang. Kelompok serangga berdasarkan keanekaragaman fungsinya di agroekosistem padi sawah meliputi serangga hama, musuh alami, dan serangga netral seperti penyerbuk dan polinator seperti serangga Ordo Diptera. Berdasarkan beragamnya peran Diptera tersebut penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik lanskap pada setiap lokasi penelitian pertanaman padi, perbedaan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan jenis spesies serangga Ordo Diptera, mengetahui pengaruh cara budidaya dan kondisi habitat serta mengetahui hubungan komposisi lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi serangga Ordo Diptera. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2022 di 14 lokasi pertanian padi yang tersebar di Sumatera Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan dari hasil survey lapang yaitu lahan tanaman padi dengan luasan lahan minimal 500 m2. Jarak antar lokasi lahan minimal 1 km dan dipetakan dengan radius 500 m. Setiap masing-masing lahan ditentukan plot pengamatan. Pada setiap lahan terdiri dari satu plot dengan ukuran 10 m x 10 m. Metode pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel serangga dilakukan selama 2 kali pengamatan yakni pada 5 MST (minggu setelah tanam) dan 11 MST. Pengambilan data habitat berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan data BMKG (Badan Meterorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika) setempat meliputi sejarah lahan, varietas, penggunaan pupuk, dan aplikasi pestisida. Data perbedaan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera pada jenis varietas, ketinggian lokasi dan habitat alami. dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Perbedaan komposisi Ordo Diptera dianalisis menggunakan analisis kemiripan (analysis of similarity, ANOSIM) dan di representasikan dalam bentuk plot non- metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Seluruh analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak R statistic versi 4.0.4. Pemetaan lahan dilakukan dengan cara digitasi lanskap yang menggunakan perangkap lunak Q-GIS berdasarkan hasil dari ground survey dari lokasi yang dipilih. Seluruh patch di dalam lanskap diidentifikasi dan dicatat tipe habitat dan vegetasinya yang kemudian digunakan sebagai dasar melakukan digitasi dari lanskap tersebut. Komposisi lanskap yangng diukur dan digunakan dalam analisis adalah jumlah v patch (NP: Number of Patch) dan luas patch (CA: Class Area) dari pertanian non padi, perkebunan, hutan, dan pertanian padi. Menggunakan analisis LecoS (Landscape ecology Statistics) memiliki Fungsi termasuk perhitungan metrik pada raster dan lapisan vektor. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 452 individu Diptera yang terbagi ke 14 morfospesies, 12 Famili, dan 2 sub ordo. Lokasi dengan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan tertinggi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak semua faktor kondisi habitat berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera. Faktor umum pertanian padi, penggunaan pestisida, jenis pemupukan, ketinggian lokasi, suhu, curah hujan, kelembaban, dan jumlah individu predator tidak berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera. Sedangkan faktor jenis varietas dan spesies predator berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera. Pada komposisi lanskap , CA/NP Hutan, CA/NP Padi, CA/NP Pertanian dan NP Perkebunan serta keberadaan habitat alami tidak berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera. Namun, pada CA Perkebunan berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keanekaragaman maupun kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera di setiap lokasi dan terdapat pengaruh kondisi habitat serta komposisi lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga Ordo Diptera.
English Abstract
Rice is a staple crop for Indonesian people to meet their food needs. Every year the demand for rice products always increases to meet consumer needs. However, every year rice production in Indonesia has decreased. Conservation efforts, such as management of agricultural land habitats, are very important to do to maintain the presence of insects that have an important role. But on the other hand there are still many people who do not know the nature of the landscape and find it with biodiversity conservation. Landscape structures can be divided into patches, matrices, and corridors. The fragment is a homogeneous area that can be distinguished from the surrounding area, the matrix is the dominant fragment, the corridor is an elongated fragment. Groups based on the diversity of functions in the lowland rice agroecosystem include insect pests, natural enemies, and neutral insects such as pollinators and pollinators such as insects of the Order Diptera. Based on the various roles of Diptera, this study was conducted to determine the differences in characteristics at each research location for rice cultivation, differences in diversity and types of insect species of the Order Diptera, to determine the effect of cultivation methods and habitat conditions and to determine the relationship between landscapes and the diversity, interaction, and composition of insects of the Order Diptera. The research was conducted in January-March 2022 in 14 rice farming locations spread across West Sumatra, Central Java, and East Java. The research location was determined based on the results of the field survey. The required paddy field has a minimum land area of 500 m2 using 2 rice fields. The distance between the land locations is at least 1 km which will later be mapped with a radius of 500 m. Each plot of land is determined by observation. Each land consists of one plot with a size of 10 m x 10 m. The method of observation and sampling of insects was carried out at least 2 times, namely at 5 WAP (weeks after planting) and 11 WAP. Habitat data collection was based on interviews and local BMKG (Meterorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency) data covering land history, varieties, fertilizer use, and pesticide application. Data on differences in diversity and abundance of insects of the Order Diptera on varieties, altitudes and natural habitats. analyzed using analysis of variance. Differences in the composition of the Order of Diptera were analyzed using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and represented in the form of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots. Anosim analysis was carried out using R statistic software version 4.0.4. Land mapping was carried out by digitizing the landscape using Q-GIS soft traps based on the results of the ground survey of the selected location. All patches in the landscape are identified and their habitat and vegetation types are recorded which are then used as a basis for digitizing the landscape. The landscape composition measured and used in the analysis is the number of patches (NP: Number of Patches) and patch area (CA: Class Area) from non-rice agriculture, plantations, forests, and rice farming. Using LecoS analysis vii (Landscape ecology Statistics) has Functions including calculation of metrics on raster and vector layers. The results obtained were 452 individuals of Diptera which were divided into 14 morphospecies, 12 families, and 2 sub orders. Locations with the highest diversity and abundance. The results of the analysis show that not all factors of habitat conditions affect the diversity and abundance of insects of the Order Diptera. General factors of rice farming, use of pesticides, type of fertilization, altitude, temperature, rainfall, humidity, and the number of individual predators did not affect the diversity and abundance of insects of the Order Diptera. While the factors of varieties and species of predators affect the abundance of insects Order Diptera. In landscape composition, CA/NP Forest, CA/NP Rice, CA/NP Agriculture and NP Plantation as well as the presence of natural habitats did not affect the diversity and abundance of insects of the Order Diptera. However, the CA Plantation affects the abundance of insects of the Order Diptera. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are differences in the diversity and abundance of insects of the Order of Diptera in each location and that there is an influence of habitat conditions and landscape composition on the diversity and abundance of insects of the Order of
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040159 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Nov 2022 02:05 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Nov 2022 02:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196321 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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