Safira, Laila and Hendrix Yulis Setyawan,, STP. M.Si, Ph.D and Aunur Rofiq Mulyarto, STP, M.Sc (2022) Identifikasi Karakteristik Produk Mikro Bio-Char dari Arang Hasil Pirolisis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Menggunakan Ball Mill. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kelapa sawit adalah jenis tanaman tahunan yang tumbuh di daerah tropis. Produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit terus meningkat dimana tahun 2020 total produksi nasional sebesar 48.2 juta ton dan luas area perkebunannya mencapai 14.8 juta hektare (ha). Tingginya produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit membuat limbahnya meningkat, salah satunya TKKS. TKKS merupakan limbah padat dengan presentase terbanyak sebesar 22% dibandingkan limbah lain, namun pemanfaatannya masih terbatas, sehingga perlu pengolahan lanjut. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan limbah TKKS yaitu dimanfaatkan sebagai micro bio-char. Proses pembuatan micro bio-char diawali dengan pirolisis untuk mendapatkan bio-char. Hasil pirolisis kemudian diayak dengan mesh 100 agar ukurannya seragam, lalu digiling pada ball mill untuk dijadikan micro bio-char. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pirolisis dan waktu ball mill terhadap karakteristik proksimat dan distribusi ukuran partikel pada micro-biochar TKKS serta mengetahui perlakuan terbaik micro-biochar TKKS. Rancangan penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu suhu pirolisis dan waktu ball mill yang masing - masing terdiri dari 3 level. Pada perlakuan suhu yang digunakan adalah 400°C, 500°C, dan 600°C, sedangkan perlakuan waktu yang digunakan yaitu 24 jam, 48 jam, dan 72 jam menggunakan ball mill. Masing – masing diulang 3 kali sehingga menghasilkan 27 satuan percobaan. Dari hasil pengulangan tersebut akan dilakukan karakterisasi yang meliputi pengujian kadar air, kadar abu, kadar karbon terikat (fixed carbon), volatile matter, nilai kalor, dan PSA. Selanjutnya seluruh data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dengan metode two-way ANOVA untuk karakteristik proksimat, dan regresi linier berganda untuk anaslisi hasil PSA. Penentuan perlakuan terbaik dilakukan menggunakan metode multiple attribute Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel suhu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air, kadar kalor, dan kadar karbon terikat, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada kadar abu dan kadar zat terbang. Pada variabel waktu ball mill dan interaksi antara suhu dengan waktu ball mill tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil penelitian. Pada analisis hasil PSA didapatkan bahwa interaksi antara suhu dan lama wkatu dapat mempengaruhi rata-rata ukuran partikel produk. Perlakuan terbaik dalam penelitian ini yaitu perlakuan dengan menggunakan suhu pirolisis 600°C dan waktu ball mill ball mill 24 jam. Hasil analisis berdasarkan perlakuan terbaik micro biochar tandan kosong kelapa sawit tersebut menghasilkan kadar air sebesar 6,09%, kadar abu 14,78%, kadar zat terbang 13,97%, kadar kalor 6128,86 cal/gram, kadar karbon terikat 65,16%. Rata-rata distribusi ukuran partikel terkecil terdapat pada perlakuan suhu pirolisis 600°C selama 72 jam sebesar 3,04μm. Perbaikan hasil penelitian adalah memperpanjang range penelitian dengan mempersempit selisih waktu ball mill ball mill untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian lebih akurat karena sebelumnya selisih waktu tiap perlakuan terlalu panjang. Selain itu penggunaan metode ball mill masih belum menghasilkan waktu optimum untuk mencapai ukuran partikel yang diinginkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai waktu optimum penggunaan ball mill untuk mencapai ukuran yang sesuai.
English Abstract
Oil palm is an annual plant that grows in the tropics. The productivity of oil palm plantations continues to increase where in 2020 the total national production is 48.2 million tons and the plantation area reaches 14.8 million hectares (ha). The high productivity of oil palm plants makes the waste increase, one of which is OPEFB. OPEFB is a solid waste with the highest percentage of 22% compared to other wastes, but its utilization is still limited, so it needs further processing. One alternative for processing EFB waste is to use it as micro biochar. The process of making micro biochar begins with pyrolysis to obtain biochar. The results of the pyrolysis are then sieved with 100 mesh so that the size is uniform, then milled in a ball mill to be used as micro biochar. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pyrolysis temperature and ball mill time on the proximate characteristics and particle size distribution of OPEFB micro-biochar and to determine the best treatment for OPEFB micro-biochar. The research design was prepared using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two treatment factors, namely pyrolysis temperature and ball mill time, each of which consisted of 3 levels. The temperature treatments used were 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C, while the time treatments used were 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours using a ball mill. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to produce 27 experimental units. From the results of the repetition, characterization will be carried out which includes testing of water content, ash content, fixed carbon content (fixed carbon), volatile matter, calorific value, and PSA. Furthermore, all the data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS application with the two-way ANOVA method for proximate characteristics, and multiple linear regression for the analysis of PSA results. Determination of the best treatment is done using the multiple attribute method The results showed that the temperature variable had a significant effect on moisture content, heat content, and bound carbon content, but had no significant effect on ash content and volatile matter content. The ball mill time variable and the interaction between temperature and ball mill time did not have a significant effect on the results of the study. In the PSA analysis, it was found that the interaction between temperature and time can affect the average particle size of the product. The best treatment in this study is the treatment using a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C and a ball mill time of 24 hours. The results of the analysis based on the best treatment of micro biochar of oil palm empty fruit bunches produced a moisture content of 6.09%, ash content of 14.78%, volatile matter content of 13.97%, heat content of 6128.86 cal/gram, the bound carbon content of 65, 16%. The smallest average particle size distribution was found at the pyrolysis temperature treatment of 600°C for 72 hours at 3.04μm. The improvement of research results is to extend the research range by narrowing the time difference between ball mill and ball mill to get more accurate research results because previously the time difference for each treatment was too long. In addition, the use of the ball mill method has not yet produced the optimum time to achieve the desired particle size, so it is necessary to research on the optimum time to use the ball mill to achieve the appropriate size.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522100245 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ball Mill, Micro Bio-char, Pirolisis, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit,Ball Mill, Micro Bio-char, Piyrolysis, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Nov 2022 02:06 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Nov 2022 02:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196151 |
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