Sitorus, Alberth Fernando and Dr. Ir. Sudarto,, M.S. and Aditya Nugraha Putra,, S.P., M.P. (2021) Analisis Unsur Hara Makro Pada Tanaman Padi Di Lahan Tercekam Salinitas Dengan Memanfaatkan Kamera Android. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Padi merupakan komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia. Komoditas ini berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat Indonesia yang sebagian besar mengkonsumsi beras sebagai makanan pokok. Berdasarkan data Kementan (2019), telah terjadi penurunan produksi padi di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun, dengan rerata pertumbuhan -6,83 %. Penurunan ini bisa diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor baik dari tanamannya sendiri, lingkungan maupun pengelolaannya. Di lahan-lahan salin, produksi padi berpotensi mengalami penurunan akibat dari salinitas. Belum adanya peta sebaran salinitas spesifik lokasi yang bisa menjadi satu prototype pengelolaan lahan salin. Tingkat salinitas pada satu petak/bentang lahan mempunyai variasi yang selama ini masih dipandang sebagai permasalahan umum. Perlu adanya terobosan teknologi yang mampu ̳memotret‘ variabilitas dan sebaran tingkat salinitas di suatu lahan serta dampaknya terhadap unsur hara dan performa tanaman. Terobosan baru tersebut adalah pemanfaatan kamera android (kamera terrestrial). Penerapan presisi pertanian dicanangkan untuk penggunaan teknologi modern memanfaatkan teknologi era industri 4.0 seperti android. Oleh karena itu, studi ini akan mengukur seberapa akurat kamera terestrial dalam menganalisis masalah salinitas pada tanaman padi dan tanah. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di area lahan sawah di Kecamatan Jabon, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan laboratorium Kimia, UMM Malang. Waktu Pelaksanaan dilakukan mulai dari bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2020. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan analisis salinitas awal dengan nilai daya hantar listrik 9,6 dS.m-1 dan Na tukar 1,8 cmol.kg-1. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua transek, panjang transek 1 sejauh ± 4 km dan transek 2 sejauh ± 3,4 km. Jarak interval transek 1 yaitu 316 – 817 meter dan transek 2 yaitu 104 – 718 meter, setiap transek terdapat 10 titik pengamatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kamera android. Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan penelitian meliputi persiapan dan 3 tahap lanjutan, yaitu pra-survei (persiapan peta dasar, dan persiapan alat dan bahan), survei (mulai dari pengamatan, pengambilan foto udara, dan pengambilan sampel tanah dan tanaman), dan pasca survei (pengolahan data). Pengolahan data foto udara meliputi rektifikasi foto udara, ekstraksi digital number, dan pengumpulan data digital number dari foto udara. Penyusunan algoritma berdasarkan persamaan regresi. Kemudian dilakukan analisis korelasi dan regresi serta dilakukan uji validasi melalui uji T-Berpasangan. Sampel tanaman digunakan untuk analisis unsur hara Nitrogen, Fosfor, dan Kalium. Sampel tanah digunakan untuk analisis evaluasi salinitas menggunakan parameter-parameter persentasi Na Dapat Dipertukarkan (ESP= exchangeable sodium percentage), pH tanah, daya hantar listrik, dan rasio jerapan Na (SAR= sodium adsorption ratio) dan kandungan unsur hara makro (N, P, dan K) tanah. Salinitas memberi dampak terhadap penurunan unsur hara makro (N, P, dan K) tanaman padi, korelasi DN android dengan pH H2O, pH KCl , DHL, ESP ii dan SAR yang merupakan indikator salin bernilai negatif dengan korelasi pH H2O (r = -0,71), pH KCl (r = -0,69), DHL (dS/m) (r = -0,82), ESP (r = -0,78), dan SAR (r = -0,85). Nilai digital number android berbanding terbalik terhadap indikator salin sebesar 0,5014 atau 50,14% (R2 pH H2O), 0,4763 atau 47,63% (R2 pH KCl), 0,6645 atau 66,45% (R2 DHL), 0,6148 atau 61,48% (R2 ESP), dan 0,7262 atau 72,62% (R2 SAR). Sedangkan terhadap nilai N, P, dan K tanaman padi bernilai positif dengan korelasi yang kuat (r N = 0,91; r P = 0.84; r K = 0,84). Nilai digital number android berbanding lurus terhadap kandungan unsur hara makro (N, P, dan K) sebesar 0,8370 atau 83,7% (R2 N), 0,7034 atau 70,34 (R2 P), dan 0,7029 atau 70,29% (R2 K). Artinya semakin tinggi nilai indikator salin akan menurunkan nilai N, P, dan K pada tanaman padi. Kamera android (terrestrial) mampu memonitor dampak salinitas terhadap penurunan unsur hara makro (N, P, dan K) tanaman padi. Hasil uji reliabilitas dari nilai digital number kombinasi nilai RGB melalui foto kamera android memiliki nilai t hitung lebih kecil dari t tabel. Menunjukkan bahwa hasil estimasi menggunakan nilai digital number kombinasi nilai RGB melalui foto kamera android tidak memiliki perbedaan yang nyata dengan hasil dilapangan, sehingga model dari nilai digital number foto udara melalui kamera android dapat diterapkan untuk menduga unsur hara makro N, P, dan K tanaman padi dan indikator salinitas.
English Abstract
Paddy is a vital food commodity in Indonesia. This commodity plays a role in meeting the Indonesian people's needs, mostly paddy as a staple food. Based on Kementan (2019) data, there has been a decline in paddy production in Indonesia in 5 years, with an average growth of -6.83%. The decline in paddy production can be caused by several factors, both from the crops themselves, the environment, and its management. In saline fields, paddy production has the potential to decrease due to stress from salinity. There is no location-specific salinity distribution map that can become a prototype for saline land management. The salinity level in one plot/landscape has variations that have been seen as a common problem. There needs to be a technological breakthrough that can "photograph" the variability and distribution of salinity levels inland and its impact on nutrients and crop performance. The breakthrough is the use of android camera (multi terrestrial camera). The application of agricultural precision is planned for modern technology utilizing industrial era 4.0 technologies such as terrestrial cameras. Therefore, the study will measure how accurate terrestrial cameras are in analyzing salinity problems in paddy crops and soil. The research activity was carried out in the paddy field area in Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The research location was determined based on the initial salinity analysis with an Electrical Conductivity value of 9.6 dS.m-1 and Na exchangeable of 1.8 cmol.kg-1. This research is located on two transects, the length of transect one is ± 4 km, and transect 2 is ± 3.4 km. The distance between transect 1 is 316 - 817 meters, and transect 2 is 104 - 718 meters, where each transect has ten observation points. Research activities include pre-surveying (topographic map preparation, preparation tools, and materials), surveys (observations, aerial photo-taking, soil, and crop sampling), and post-survey. The post-survey stage includes data analysis (correlation and regression). Aerial photo data processing includes aerial photo rectification, digital number extraction, and collecting digital number data from aerial photos—the compilation of algorithms based on the regression equation. The correlation and regression analysis were then performed, and the validation test was carried out through the Paired T-test. Composite soil sampling and paddy leaf samples were conducted for laboratory analysis to obtain levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium as macronutrients and indicators of salinity (ESP), pH, SAR, and Electrical Conductivity on the soil. Salinity analysis was evaluated using Interchangeable Na parameters (ESP = exchangeable sodium percentage), soil pH, electrical delivery power (EC), and Na snare ratio (SAR= sodium adsorption ratio). Salinity has an impact on reducing macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) of paddy crops, through DN multi terrestrial camera with pH H2O, pH KCl, EC, ESP and SAR which are negative saline indicators without pH H2O (r = -0.71), KCl pH (r = -0.69), EC (dS / m) (r = -0.82), ESP (r = -0.78), and SAR (r = -0.85 ). The digital number android camera value is inversely proportional to the saline indicator of 0.5014 or 50.14 % (R2 pH H2O), 0.4763 or 47.63% (R2 pH KCl), 0.6645 or 66.45% (R2 EC ), 0.6148 or 61.48% (R2 ESP), iv and 0.7262 or 72.62% (R2 SAR). Meanwhile, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium values of paddy crops were positive with a strong display (r Nitogen = 0.91; r Phosphorus = 0.84; r Potassium = 0.84). The digital number android camera value is directly proportional to the macro nutrient content (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) of 0.8370 or 83.7% (R2 Nitrogen), 0.7034 or 70.34 (R2 Phosphorus), and 0.7029 or 70.29% (R2 Potassium). This means that the higher the saline indicator's value, the lower the Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium values in paddy crops. A multi terrestrial camera (terrestrial) camera can monitor salinity stress's impact on reducing macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) in paddy crops. The multi terrestrial camera (terrestrial) camera can monitor salinity's impact on reducing macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) of paddy crops. The reliability test results of the digital number value combination of RGB values through android photos have a calculated t value smaller than the t table. It shows that the estimation results using the digital value combination of RGB values through android photos do not find significant differences with the results in the field so that the model of the digital value of aerial photos android can be applied to estimate values that do not apply to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium of paddy crops and salinity indicator.
Other obstract
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Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 0521040302 |
Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
Date Deposited: | 07 Oct 2022 01:36 |
Last Modified: | 07 Oct 2022 01:36 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/195400 |
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- ALBERTH FERNANDO SITORUS, S. P. (2).pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2023. Download (9MB) |
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