Pengaruh Penambahan Fruktosa dan Yeast Extract Terhadap Pertumbuhan Comamonas testosteroni Sebagai Bakteri Pendegradasi Lignin Pada Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Pratiwi, Siska Dwi Nur and Irnia Nurika,, STP, MP, PhD and Dr. Ir. Nur Hidayat,, MP (2022) Pengaruh Penambahan Fruktosa dan Yeast Extract Terhadap Pertumbuhan Comamonas testosteroni Sebagai Bakteri Pendegradasi Lignin Pada Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah biomassa lignoselulosa yang dihasilkan dari industri minyak kelapa sawit dengan persentase produksi sebesar 22-24%. Meningkatnya permintaan global minyak kelapa sawit hingga mencapai 7% per tahun menyebabkan ketersediaan TKKS yang semakin melimpah. Indonesia sebagai produsen terbesar pertama minyak kelapa sawit dunia hanya memanfaatkan TKKS sebagai kompos, mulsa, dan bahan bakar mesin. Kandungan biomassa lignoselulosa TKKS yang terdiri dari tiga polimer utama yang saling berikatan kuat berupa selulosa sebesar 36-43%, hemiselulosa sebesar 15-25%, dan lignin sebesar 22-34% berpotensi sebagai bahan dalam proses pembuatan produk berbasis bio melalui reaksi hidrolisis sebagai alternatif pengolahan limbah TKKS. Akan tetapi, permasalahan yang timbul dalam mengubah biomassa lignoselulosa menjadi produk berbasis bio terletak pada kompleksitas struktur TKKS sebab adanya ikatan kovalen, hidrogen, ester, serta eter antara lignin dengan selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan fruktosa dan yeast extract terhadap pertumbuhan C. testosteroni, serta pengaruhnya terhadap degradasi biomassa lignoselulosa TKKS melalui proses pretreatment. Pengaruh penambahan fruktosa dan yeast extract terhadap pertumbuhan C. testosteroni dan degradasi lignoselulosa selama proses pretreatment diperoleh melalui observasi dan olah data dari rancangan pola tersarang. Faktor utama (A) merupakan penambahan fruktosa dan yeast extract yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan sampel, yaitu TKKS untreated, TKKS pretreated dengan C. testosteroni, TKKS pretreated dengan C. testosteroni + 2,5% fruktosa, TKKS pretreated dengan C. testosteroni + 0,1 % yeast extract, TKKS pretreated dengan C. testosteroni + 2,5% fruktosa + 0,1% yeast extract, serta TKKS pretreated dengan C. testosteroni + 5% fruktosa + 0,2% yeast extract. Faktor tersarang (B) merupakan waktu inkubasi bakteri C. testosteroni dalam satuan jam. Setiap sampel tersebut dilakukan perulangan sebanyak 3 kali dengan proses pretreatment atau inkubasi selama 7 hari pada water bath shaker. Perlakuan TKKS pretreated dengan C. testosteroni + 5% fruktosa + 0,2% yeast extract memberikan hasil sebagai perlakuan terbaik dengan nilai pada parameter OD, TSP, TGR, susut berat, dan penurunan % lignin tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lain. Nilai OD yang lebih cepat mencapai OD yang diharapkan dengan waktu 10,2 jam. Kemampuan degradasi bakteri C. testosteroni diketahui dengan didapatkan nilai rata-rata TSP tertinggi sebesar 0,144 mg/g, nilai rata-rata TGR tertinggi sebesar 53,145 mg/g, nilai susut berat sebesar 79,902%, dan penurunan pada lignin sebesar 34,14%. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan hasil berbeda nyata pada parameter tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan dan kemampuan degradasi bakteri C. testosteroni dengan nilai signifikansi < 0,05. Uji DMRT diperoleh terdapat perbedaan nyata antar setiap perlakuan dan waktu inkubasi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penambahan fruktosa dan yeast extract mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan bakteri Comamonas testosteroni dan kemampuan bakteri dalam mendegradasi biomassa lignoselulosa limbah TKKS.

English Abstract

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) are lignocellulosic biomass waste produced from the palm oil industry with a production percentage is 22-24%. The increasing global demand for palm oil that reaches up to 7% per year causes the availability of OPEFB to be more abundant too. Indonesia as the world’s first largest producer of palm oil uses OPEFB only as compost, mulch, and engine fuel. The content of lignocellulosic biomass of OPEFB which consists of three main polymers that are strongly bonded to each other in the form of cellulose by 36-43%, hemicellulose by 15-25%, and lignin by 22-34% has the potential as an ingredient in the process of making bio-based products through hydrolysis reactions as an alternative solution to utilize OPEFB. However, the problem that arises in converting lignocellulosic biomass into bio-based products lies in the complexity of the OPEFB structure due to the presence of covalent, hydrogen, ester, and ether bonds between lignin and cellulose also hemicellulose. This study aims to evaluate and analyze the effect of adding fructose and yeast extract on the growth of C. testosteroni, as well as its effect on the degradation of lignocellulosic OPEFB biomass through a pretreatment process. In this study, pretreatment was carried out using lignin-degrading bacteria C. testosteroni in the lignocellulosic biomass of OPEFB. The effect of adding fructose and yeast extract on the growth of C. testosteroni and lignocellulose degradation during the pretreatment was obtained through observation and data processing from nested design. The main factor (A) was the addition of fructose and yeast extract which consisted of 6 sample treatments, namely untreated OPEFB, pretreated OPEFB with C. testosteroni, pretreated OPEFB with C. testosteroni + 2.5% fructose, pretreated OPEFB with C. testosteroni + 0.1% yeast extract, pretreated OPEFB with C. testosteroni + 2.5% fructose + 0.1% yeast extract, and pretreated OPEFB with C. testosteroni + 5% fructose + 0.2% yeast extract. Nesting factor (B) is the incubation time of C. testosteroni in hours. Each sample was repeated 3 times with pretreatment or incubation carried out for 7 days in a water bath shaker. Pretreated OPEFB with C. testosteroni + 5% fructose + 0.2% yeast extract gave the best treatment with the highest values for the parameters OD, TSP, TGR, weight loss, and % lignin reduction compared to other treatments. The faster OD value reaches the expected OD with a time of 10.2 hours. The ability of C. testosteroni to degrade bacteria is known by obtaining the highest average TSP value of 0.144 mg/g, the highest average TGR value of 53.145 mg/g, weight loss value of 79.902%, and decrease in lignin of 34.14%. ANOVA analysis showed that there significantly different results in these parameters on the growth and degradation ability of bacteria C. testosteroni with a significance value of <0.05. DMRT test showed that there were significant differences between each treatment and incubation time. This indicates that the addition of fructose and yeast extract can increase the growth of the bacteria Comamonas testosteroni and the ability of the bacteria to degrade lignocellulosic biomass from OPEFB waste.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522100184
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Comamonas testoteroni, Optimasi Pertumbuhan Bakteri, Pretreatment, TKKS,Comamonas testosteroni, Optimization of Bacterial Growth, Pretreatment, OPEFB
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	03 Oct 2022 02:35
Last Modified:	03 Oct 2022 02:35
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/195257

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