Pratiwi, Niken Mahardika and Wike Agustin P.D., STP, M.Eng., Ph.D. and Isti Purwaningsih,, STP, MT (2022) Analisis Postur Tubuh Pekerja pada Proses dan Feeding Menggunakan Metode Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA) dan Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) (Studi Kasus pada Koperasi Karyawan Redrying Bojonegoro (KAREB), Jawa Timur). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tembakau (Nicotina tabacum L.) yaitu tanaman semusim yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi, banyak diteliti, dan tergolong komoditas perdagangan penting di dunia. Peran industri tembakau yakni meningkatkan pendapatan petani tembakau dan terserapnya tenaga kerja pada industri pengolahan tembakau. Proses produksi pengeringan tembakau dilakukan berulang selama 7,5 jam dengan peralatan kerja yang kurang sesuai dengan anthropometri tenaga kerja. Hal tersebut berdampak pada tingkat produktivitas dan tingkat kesehatan pekerja yang menurun sehingga dapat merugikan perusahaan juga pekerjanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis faktor penyebab dan tingkat risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) postur kerja pada proses feeding di Koperasi Kareb. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari-April 2022 di unit threshing Koperasi KAREB menggunakan metode pengukuran postur tubuh yakni Muscle Fatigue Analysis (MFA) dan Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA). Metode MFA bertujuan mengetahui kelelahan otot yang ditinjau dari faktor risiko fisik di tempat kerja, sedangkan metode NERPA digunakan untuk menganalisis dan menilai postur tubuh bagian atas dan bawah dari sistem muskuloskeletal. Terdapat korelasi kedua metode tersebut yang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk memberi usulan perbaikan postur tubuh pekerja. Selain itu digunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map sebagai alat bantu pengukuran ergonomi sederhana untuk mendeteksi bagian otot yang mengalami keluhan mulai dari tidak sakit hingga sangat sakit. Setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran metode MFA dilakukan dengan mengisi tabel identifikasi kerja dan tabel MFA dengan hasil akhir berupa nilai priority of change. Selanjutnya pengukuran metode NERPA dilakukan dengan mengisi tabel skor NERPA dengan hasil akhir berupa kategori action level. Hasil pengolahan dan analisis kedua metode tersebut yakni diketahui faktor penyebab keluhan MSDs pekerja, tingkat risiko, dan usulan perbaikan kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat faktor keluhan MSDs dirasakan pekerja yakni postur tidak alamiah seperti membungkuk, menunduk, berdiri dalam jangka waktu lama dan gerakan repetitif yang menyebabkan kelelahan. Pada metode NERPA, dari ketiga aktivitas yang memiliki skor paling tinggi yakni aktivitas pengambilan tembakau pada pekerja B dan C yang berarti diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dan tindakan sekarang. Bagian tubuh yang paling berisiko mengalami keluhan yakni leher, lengan atas, dan punggung. Lalu pada metode MFA diantara ketiga aktivitas yang memiliki skor action level paling tinggi yakni pada peletakan tembakau ke meja feeding. Bagian tubuh yang yang memerlukan perbaikan yakni bahu, punggung, lengan/siku, dan pergelangan tangan/tangan/jari. Fasilitas kerja yang perlu disesuaikan yakni meja bahan baku yang jangkauannya terlalu rendah. Selain itu juga dikarenakan fasilitas kerja yang kurang sesuai dengan antropometri pekerja. Penilaian NERPA tertinggi berada pada aktivitas pengambilan tembakau dengan skor 7 sedangkan pada metode MFA aktivitas yang paling berisiko yakni peletakan tembakau ke meja feeding dengan action level H (high). Bagian tubuh yang berisiko mengalami keluhan MSDs yakni lengan, bahu, lengan atas, dan punggung. Implikasi manajerial yang diberikan dengan menambah tinggi meja bahan baku, rotasi posisi pekerja, dan perbaikan pada kursi kerja pekerja.
English Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotina tabacum L.) is an annual crop that has high economic value, is widely researched, and is classified as an important trade commodity in the world. The role of the tobacco industry is to increase the income of tobacco farmers and absorb labor in the tobacco processing industry. The tobacco drying production process is repeated for 7.5 hours with work equipment that is not in accordance with labor anthropometry. This has an impact on the level of productivity and the level of health of workers who decline so that it can harm the company as well as its workers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the causative factors and the level of risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in work postures in the feeding process at the Kareb Cooperative. This research was conducted in February-April 2022 at the threshing unit of the KAREB Cooperative using posture measurement methods, namely Muscle Fatigue Analysis (MFA) and Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA). The MFA method aims to determine muscle fatigue in terms of physical risk factors at work, while the NERPA method is used to analyze and assess the upper and lower body postures of the musculoskeletal system. There is a correlation between the two methods that can be used as a reference for making suggestions for improving the posture of workers. In addition, the Nordic Body Map questionnaire was used as a simple ergonomic measurement tool to detect the muscle parts that experienced complaints ranging from no pain to very painful. After that, the measurement of the MFA method is carried out by filling in the work identification table and the MFA table with the final result in the form of a priority of change value. Furthermore, the measurement of the NERPA method is carried out by filling in the NERPA score table with the final result in the action level category. The results of the processing and analysis of the two methods are known factors that cause workers' MSDs complaints, the level of risk, and proposed work improvements. The results showed that there were MSDs complaints felt by workers, namely unnatural postures such as bending, looking down, standing for long periods of time and repetitive movements that cause fatigue. In the NERPA method, out of the three activities that have the highest score, namely the activity of taking tobacco in workers B and C, it means that further research and action are needed now. The body parts most at risk of experiencing complaints are the neck, upper arms, and back. Then in the MFA method, among the three activities that have the highest action level score, namely putting tobacco on the feeding table. The body parts that need repair are the shoulders, back, arms/elbows, and wrists/hands/fingers. Work facilities that need to be adjusted are raw material tables whose reach is too low. In addition, due to work facilities that are not in accordance with the anthropometry of workers. The highest NERPA assessment was on tobacco taking activities with a score of 7 while in the MFA method the most risky activity was putting tobacco onto the feeding table with an action level H (high). The body parts at risk for MSDs are the arms, shoulders, upper arms, and back. The managerial implications are given by increasing the height of the raw material table, rotating the position of workers, and repairing the workers' work chairs.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522100175 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA), Nordic Body Map (NBM), Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA), Postur Tubuh.,Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA), Nordic Body Map (NBM), Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA), Posture. |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Sep 2022 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2022 07:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/195233 |
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