Utami, Laily Luhur and Sri Suhartini,, STP, M.Env.Mgt, PhD and Irnia Nurika,, STP, MP. PhD (2022) Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaOH dan Suhu Pemanasan pada Proses Pre-treatment terhadap Produksi Bioetanol dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bioetanol merupakan salah satu alternatif bahan bakar terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan yang terbuat dari bahan pertanian. Pemanfaatan bioetanol sebagai alternatif bahan bakar dapat memberikan keuntungan jika produksinya ditingkatkan. Salah satu bahan pertanian yang dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan bioetanol adalah TKKS. TKKS merupakan limbah industri kelapa sawit yang memiliki komponen penyusun terbesar berupa selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Namun, pembuatan bioetanol dari TKKS dinilai belum maksimal karena kompleksitas dari struktur TKKS yang mengandung lignin. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pre-treatment untuk mengurangi kompleksitas struktur dan kandungan lignin pada biomassa agar produksi bioetanol dapat maksimal. Pre-treatment pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kombinasi konsentrasi larutan NaOH dan suhu pemanasan. Metode penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Faktor yang pertama yaitu konsentrasi NaOH (3%, 6%, dan 9%) dan faktor yang kedua yaitu suhu pemanasan pre-treatment (65°C, 75°C, dan 85°C), sehingga diperoleh 9 kombinasi perlakuan. Produksi bioetanol dilakukan secara separated hydrolisis and fermentation (SHF) dengan hidrolisis menggunakan H2SO4 2% dan fermentasi menggunakan yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel TKKS dengan perlakuan konsentrasi NaOH 6% dan suhu pemanasan 85°C pada proses pre-treatment dapat menurunkan kadar lignin menjadi 17,66% dari 20,96% dan meningkatkan kadar selulosa menjadi 35,94% dari 28,46%. Sampel TKKS pada perlakuan tersebut juga menghasilkan kadar bioetanol tertinggi yaitu sebesar 0,60%, sedangkan pada TKKS yang tidak mengalami proses pre-treatment hanya menghasilkan kadar bioetanol sebesar 0,33%. Sampel TKKS proses pre-treatment dengan perlakuan NaOH 6% dan suhu pemanasan 85°C juga memberikan yield bioetanol serta efisiensi fermentasi yang tertinggi yaitu secara berturut-turut 19,04% dan 37,33%. Oleh karena itu, dapat diketahui bahwa proses pre-treatment dengan NaOH dan suhu pemanasan dapat mendegradasi lignoselulosa TKKS sehingga produksi bioetanol meningkat.
English Abstract
Bioethanol is an alternative renewable and environmentally friendly fuel made from agricultural materials. Utilization of bioethanol as an alternative fuel can provide benefits if its production is increased. One of the agricultural materials that can be used in the manufacture of bioethanol is OPEFB. OPEFB is palm oil industrial waste which has the largest constituent components in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. However, the production of bioethanol from OPEFB is considered not optimal due to the complexity of the OPEFB structure which contains lignin. Therefore, pre-treatment is needed to reduce the complexity of the structure and the lignin content in the biomass so that the production of bioethanol can be maximized. Pre-treatment in this study was carried out using a combination of concentration of NaOH solution and heating temperature. The research method was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is the concentration of NaOH (3%, 6%, and 9%) and the second factor is the pre-treatment heating temperature (65°C, 75°C, and 85°C), so that there is 9 pre-treatment combinations. Production of bioethanol was carried out by separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with hydrolysis using 2% H2SO4 and fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The research was conducted with three repetitions. The results showed that OPEFB samples treated with 6% NaOH concentration and a heating temperature of 85°C in the pre-treatment process could reduce lignin content by 17.66% from 20.96% and increase cellulose content by 35.94% from 28,46%. OPEFB samples in that pre-treatment also produced the highest ethanol content of 0.60%, while the OPEFB which did not undergo pre-treatment process only produced ethanol content of 0.33%. OPEFB samples pre-treatment process with 6% NaOH treatment and a heating temperature of 85°C also gave the highest bioethanol yield and fermentation efficiency, namely 19.04% and 37.33%, respectively.Therefore, it can be seen that the pre-treatment process with NaOH and heating temperature can degrade OPEFB lignocellulose so that bioethanol production increases.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522100163 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioetanol, NaOH, Pre-treatment, TKKS,Bioethanol, NaOH, OPEFB, Pre-treatment |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Sep 2022 06:34 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Sep 2022 06:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/195156 |
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