Indrawati, - and Prof. Dr. Ir. Soemarno,, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. Zaenal Kusuma,, SU and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo,, SU (2022) Model Kebun Campuran Yang Ramah Lingkungan Di Pegunungan Arfak. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian yang bersubyek pada petani tradisional Arfak dari Subsuku Hatam telah dilaksanakan di Kampung Syoubri, Kwau dan Mokwam Distrik Warmare Kabupaten Manokwari bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik biofisik Pegunungan Arfak dan petani tradisional Hatam saat ini; mendokumentasikan kearifan lokal yang masih dipraktekkan; mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tipologi kebun campurannya dan menemukan strategi pengembangan model kebun campuran petani tradisional Hatam yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraannya namun ramah lingkungan dan dapat diterima secara sosial budaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang didesain menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik yang dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat terkait fakta-fakta, karakteristik serta hubungan antar fenomena. Penentuan sampel berdasarkan pembagian wilayah yang disengaja (area sampling and purposive) yaitu berdasarkan tipologi lahan, suku/etnis, dan cara bertani. Selain analisis domain, untuk mendapatkan strategi yang ideal dalam mengembangkan kebun campuran petani tradisional Hatam digunakan juga analisis SWOT. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik biofisik sumberdaya alam kawasan Pegunungan Arfak antara lain beriklim gunung tropis basah atau termasuk zone Agroklimat C1 dengan kelembaban udara relatif sekitar 81 sampai 85 %, Intensitas penyinaran matahari 31 - 46 %, bersuhu udara 13,1 - 25,2 0C, berkelerengan 15-30% pada elevasi 1.100 – 1.600 m.dpl dengan jenis tanah Entisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol, Ultisol, dan Andisol serta memiliki biodiversitas flora dan fauna exotic bernilai ekonomi tinggi terutama berbagai jenis anggrek, Rhododendron, burung dan kupu-kupu sayap burung; sedangkan karakteristik petani tradisional Hatam yaitu sebagian besar berusia produktif ( 26 - 50 tahun) dengan tingkat pendidikan masih rendah, memiliki tanggungan keluarga antara 5 - 17 orang, 80% termasuk cukup sampai berpengalaman dalam berkebun cara mereka, semua anggota keluarga inti terlibat secara aktif dalam mengelola kebunnya yang berada di 3 - 5 tempat di lokasi yang berbeda. Kebun campuran petani tradisional Hatam saat ini bertipologi SEE (Sosial- Ekonomi-Ekologi) berorientasi semi subsistensi dan masih mempraktekkan pengetahuan dan kearifan lokal seperti : pembukaan kebun berdasarkan aturan adat sistem zonasi; pemanfaatan tumbuhan in situ untuk pengobatan herbal, pupuk dan pestisida nabati; zero input pupuk kimia dan pengolahan tanah; xi pemanfaatan ternak babi untuk pengolahan tanah sederhana, dan penerapan aturan adat “Igya ser Hanjop” dalam menjaga batas ulayat dan alamnya. Skenario terbaik dari pengembangan model kebun petani tradisional Hatam yang terbaik adalah dengan mengubahnya ke tipologi kebun campuran EES (Ekonomi-Ekologi- Sosial) melalui strategi ST (Strenght-Threat) dengan cara: penambahan jumlah jenis tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang sesuai karakteristik biofisik lahan dan dikenal petani; pemanfaatan kearifan lokal sistem zonasi lahan; membangun brand produk petani Hatam sebagai produk organik dan pembentukan kelembagaan ekonomi dan jejaring pemasaran produk lokal
English Abstract
Research that is subject to Arfak traditional farmers from the Hatam sub-tribe has been carried out in Syoubri, Kwau and Mokwam Villages, Warmare District, Manokwari Regency, aims to study the biophysical characteristics of the Upland Arfak Mountains and current traditional farmers of Hatam; documenting local wisdom that is still being practiced; describe and analyze the typology of mixed gardens and find a strategy for developing a traditional Hatam mixed garden model that can improve their welfare but is environmentally friendly and socially and culturally acceptable. This research is a descriptive study designed using a naturalistic qualitative approach which is intended to describe or describe systematically, factually and accurately related to facts, characteristics and relationships between phenomena. Determination of the sample based on a deliberate division of the area (sampling and purposive area) that is based on land typology, ethnicity, and farming methods. In addition to domain analysis, to get the ideal strategy in developing mixed gardens for traditional Hatam farmers, a SWOT analysis is also used. From this study, it can be concluded that the biophysical characteristics of the natural resources of the upland Arfak Mountains area include a wet tropical mountain climate or including the C1 Agroclimate zone with relative humidity of about 81 to 85 %, intensity of sunlight 31 - 46%, air temperature 13.1 - 25, 2 0C, with a slope of 15-30% at an elevation of 1,100 – 1,600 m.dpl with soil types Entisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol, Ultisol, and Andisol and has a biodiversity of exotic flora and fauna with high economic value, especially various types of orchids, Rhododendrons, birds and butterflies bird wing butterfly; while the characteristics of traditional Hatam farmers are that most of them are of productive age (26-50 years old) with a low level of education, have family dependents between 5-17 people, 80% are quite experienced in their way of gardening, all family members are actively involved in farming, manages his garden which is in 3 - 5 places in different locations. The mixed garden of traditional Hatam farmers currently has the SEE (Social- Economy-Ecology) typology, semi-subsistence-oriented and is still practicing local knowledge and wisdom, such as: opening gardens based on the customary rules of the zoning system; utilization of plants in situ for herbal treatment, vegetable fertilizers and pesticides; zero input of chemical fertilizers and tillage; the use of pigs for simple land cultivation, and the application of the customary rules of "Igya ser Hanjop" in maintaining their ulayat and natural boundaries. The best scenario xiii from developing the Hatam traditional farmer garden model is to change it to a mixed garden typology EES (Economy-Ecology-Social) through the ST (Strenght- Threat) strategy by: increasing the number of plant species with high economic value according to the biophysical characteristics of the land and known to farmers; utilization of local wisdom of the land zoning system; building the brand of Hatam farmers' products as organic products and establishing economic institutions and marketing networks for local products
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0622040010 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | tipologi, petani tradisional, Hatam, sejahtera, typology, traditional farmers, Hatam, prosperous |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Sep 2022 03:06 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Sep 2022 03:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/193891 |
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