Rahmatin, Nuria and Dr. Sucipto,, STP. MP. and Dr. Ir. Endah Rahayu Lestari,, MS. (2019) Analisis Rantai Nilai Industri Ayam Broiler di Kabupaten Jombang. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Industri perunggasan sedang berkembang di Indonesia, namun menghadapi beberapa masalah selama lima tahun terakhir. Belum ada tata kelola rantai nilai yang baik antar pelaku usaha, baik alur produk, informasi, serta sebaran keuntungan yang belum merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rantai nilai dan kondisi lingkungan usaha untuk menyusun strategi pengembangan rantai nilai industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang. Penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis rantai nilai, analisis sebaran keuntungan dengan metode Hayami, penyusunan alternatif strategi menggunakan analisis SWOT dan pemilihan strategi terbaik menggunakan fuzzy TOPSIS. Pelaku usaha ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang terdiri dari peternak, pedagang perantara atau broker, Rumah Pemotongan Ayam (RPA), distributor dan retailer. Rantai nilai industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang terdiri dari 3 jalur, yaitu 1) Peternak-broker-RPA-retailer, 2) Peternak-broker-RPA-distributor-retailer, dan 3) Peternak-broker-retailer. Setiap pelaku usaha memperoleh keuntungan sesuai dengan kontribusi penciptaan nilai dan risiko yang ditanggung, kecuali peternak dan broker. Total keuntungan yang diperoleh broker lebih tinggi dibanding peternak, sedang kegiatan penciptaan nilai dan risiko yang ditanggung oleh peternak lebih besar. Peternak sebagai produsen ayam hidup hanya sebagai price taker, baik dari sisi input maupun output. Broker mendominasi perolehan keuntungan, melalui penguasaan akses pasar ayam hidup. Posisi peternak semakin terdesak, harga ayam hidup ditingkat peternak ditekan sekecil mungkin hingga sering kali dibawah BEP. Selain broker, perusahaan terintegrasi juga merupakan penyebab terjadinya distorsi pasar pada industri ayam broiler. Perusahaan peternakan skala besar dan broker merupakan aktor yang paling dominan dalam pengaturan harga (price maker). Pengembangan rantai nilai industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk, produktivitas, interaksi antar pelaku, kualitas produk dan peran pelaku usaha. Berdasarkan matriks IE dapat diketahui bahwa industri ayam broiler memiliki posisi kompetitif pada skala sedang (rata-rata) namun pertumbuhan bisnisnya cepat (kuat). Strategi yang sesuai untuk pengembangan industri ayam broiler yaitu strategi intensif dan strategi integrasi Analisis SWOT menghasilkan 6 alternatif strategi. Strategi terbaik untuk pengembangan rantai nilai industri ayam broiler di Kabupaten Jombang antara lain yaitu (1) perbaikan fasilitas dan teknik produksi, (2) penguatan peran kelembagaan, dan (3) pengembangan sistem informasi harga dan pemasaran yang transparan. Strategi tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peran, posisi tawar, serta profit sharing tiap pelaku usaha dalam rantai nilai.
English Abstract
The poultry industry is developing industry in Indonesia, but overcoming several problems during the last five years. There hasn’t been a management of value chain among business actors, both the flow of products, information, and profit sharing which is not distributed equally, this makes the problem occurs. This study aimed to analyze the value chain and business environment conditions to arrange the strategy of value chain development of broiler chicken industry in Jombang. This study consisted of analysis of value chain, analysis of profit distribution by Hayami method, and arrangement the alternative strategy using SWOT analysis and selection the best strategy by using fuzzy TOPSIS. Business actors of broiler in Jombang consisted of breeders, brokers, Home Slaughter Chicken (HSC), distributors and retailers. The value chain of Broiler chicken industry in Jombang consisted of 3 lines: 1) Breeder-broker-HSC-retailer, 2) Breeder-broker-HSC-distributor-retailer, and 3) Breeder-broker-retailer. The analysis result show that Every business actor gets profits in accordance with the contribution of value and risk creation, except for farmers and brokers. The total profits obtained by brokers are higher than those of farmers, while the value creation and risk activities borne by farmers are greater. Farmers as chicken producers live only as price takers, both in terms of input and output. Brokers dominate profits, through mastery of the live chicken market access. The position of farmers is increasingly pressed, the price of live chicken at the farmer level is reduced as small as possible to often under the BEP. In addition to brokers, integrated companies are also a cause of market distortions in the broiler industry. Large scale livestock companies and brokers are the most dominant actors in the price maker. The development of value chain of broiler chicken industry in Jombang aimed to increase the value of products, productivity, interaction between business actors, product quality and the role of entrepreneurs. Based on the IE matrix, it can be seen that the broiler industry has a competitive position on a medium scale (on average) but its business growth is fast (strong). The appropriate strategy for the development of the broiler industry is intensive strategy and integration strategies. SWOT analysis produces 6 alternative strategies. The best strategy for the development of broiler chicken industry value chain in Jombang, among others : (1) improvement of production facilities and production processes, (2) strengthening of institutional roles, and (3) development of price and information systems transparent marketing. The strategy was expected to enhance the role of bargaining position, and profit-sharing of each business actors in the value chain.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/636.5/RAH/a/2019/041901835 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | broiler, hayami, strategi, SWOT, TOPSIS,broiler, hayami, strategy, SWOT, TOPSIS |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 636 Animal husbandry > 636.5 Chickens and other kinds of domestic birds |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2022 06:38 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2022 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/193515 |
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