Model Komunikasi Upaya Khusus (Upsus) Tanaman Jagung Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (Studi Kasus: Petani Upsus Di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara)

Falo, Marsianus and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sugiyanto,, MS. and Prof. Dr. Ir. Keppi Sukesi, MS. and Prof.Dr. Ir. Yayuk Yuliati,, MS. (2021) Model Komunikasi Upaya Khusus (Upsus) Tanaman Jagung Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (Studi Kasus: Petani Upsus Di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara). Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Pengembangan tanaman jagung di Indonesia masih mengalami penurunan sehingga terus mengancam kebutuhan petani dan industri lainnya. Hadirnya Upsus tanaman jagung sebagai salah satu solusi dalam upaya peningkatan produksi tanaman jagung bagi petani khususnya dan masyarakat maupun dalam menjawab kebutuhan pangan secara global. Peningkatan perilaku petani menjadi unsur yang penting dalam menunjang keberlanjutan Upsus tanaman jagung. Dalam peningkatan perilaku petani, peran kelompok tani menjadi sasaran program Upsus tanaman jagung sebagai wadah petani berkumpul dan berdiskusi dalam melakukan kegiatan usahatani Upsus tanaman jagung sekaligus dapat berfungsi sebagai wadah saluran komunikasi antar petani melakukan sharing pengalaman bersama atau saling tukar informasi antar petani. Untuk itu, keterlibatan seluruh komponen pemerintah, petani, kelompok tani, maupun pihak swasta menjadi indikator yang sangat penting bagi kesuksesan proses pembangunan termasuk sektor pertanian khususnya program Upsus tanaman jagung. Di sini komunikasi memainkan peranan yang sangat vital dalam proses Upsus tanaman jagung menuju perubahan perilaku petani dan pada akhirnya petani menerima Upsus tanaman jagung dalam kehidupannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Model Komunikasi Upaya Khusus (Upsus) tanaman jagung berbasis kearifan lokal yang efektif dalam memberikan perilaku petani menerima Upsus tanaman jagung secara berkelanjutan di Kabupaten TTU. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (TTU) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) yang dimulai bulan Agustus 2019 sampai dengan bulan Januari 2020. Metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah metode campuran (Mixed Method) dengan model sequential explanatory. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah petani peserta program Upsus tanaman jagung di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU dengan enam desa terpilih berjumlah 270 orang petani. Teknik penentuan sampel dilakukan secara bertahap (multi step random sampling) yang dilakukan sebagai berikut: Tahap pertama, menentukan jumlah desa yang dipilih secara purposive. Tahap kedua, menentukan jumlah kelompok untuk mewakili setiap desa secara proporsional random sampling (30%) dari jumlah kelompok tani setiap desa. Tahap ketiga, menentukan jumlah petani jagung disetiap kelompok secara acak proporsional (proportional random sampling). Penentuan besarnya sampel dihitung menggunakan rumus Slovin sebanyak 161 petani jagung. Untuk kepentingan pendekatan kualitatif, informasi data diperoleh dari informan kunci (key informants) dan informan. pertama, data informan kunci dilakukan secara Snowball Sampling dan terdapat 6 orang petani. Kedua informan yang dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) sebanyak 6 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data kuantitatif dilakukan dengan cara wawancara terstruktur menggunakan pertanyaan tertulis dan pengamatan partisipatif untuk pengambilan data primer, sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dengan melihat dokumen dari Kantor Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten TTU, Kantor desa, dan Kantor BPP. Teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara trianggulasi teknik yaitu pengumpulan data dari sumber yang sama dengan berbagai cara meliputi penggabungan observasi, wawancara mendalam (indepth-interview) dengan pedoman kuisioner, dokumen/laporan, FGD. Wawancara mendalam atau wawancara tidak terstruktur dilakukan secara bebas walaupun menggunakan ix pedoman wawancara namun pedomannya tidak ketat, menyesuaikan dengan situasi dan dialog yang ada antara informan sebagai subyek dengan peneliti. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, inferensial dan analisis structural equation modeling (SEM) dengan generalized structures component anaysis (GSCA) (SEM-GSCA). Sedangkan alat analisis pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik menganalisis dan mengkaji data yang berasal dari pandangan yang ada dalam informan yang meliputi tiga alur yaitu Reduksi Data (data reduction), Penyajian Data (data display), dan Menarik Kesimpulan (conclusion drawing/verivication). Disamping itu dalam analisis kualitatif juga menggunakan alat bantu sofware Nvivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor internal petani (umur dominan berada dalam kategori dewasa, pendidikan formal, pendidikan nonformal dominan dalam kategori rendah, pengalaman petani dominan berada dalam kategori tinggi, sedangkan luas lahan, dan kekosmopolit dominan berada dalam kategori sangat rendah), faktor eksternal petani (ketersediaan sarana parasarana dominan berada dalam kategori tinggi, sedangkan ketersediaan akses pasar dan akses modal dominan berada dalam kategori rendah), karakteristik inovasi (keuntungan relatif dan dapat diuji coba dominan berada dalam kategori rendah, sedangkan kesesuaian, kerumitan, dan dapat diamati dominan berada dalam kategori tinggi), peran media infomasi dominan berada dalam kategori rendah, peran penyuluh (edukator, fasilitator, konsultator, dan dinamisator, dominan berada dalam kateori tinggi, sedangkan motivator, organisator, dan evaluator dominan berada dalam kateori rendah), Efektivitas komunikasi (komunikator dominan berada dalam kategori tinggi, sedangkan pesan, saluran, metode, penerima, dan efek, dominan berada dalam kategori rendah), dan perubahan perilaku petani dominan petani berada dalam kategori rendah. Implementasi komunikasi Upsus tanaman jagung dalam pelaksanaannya melibatkan banyak instansi baik di tingkat Pusat sampai tingkat Daerah yang bersifat komando. Namun sesuai dengan kenyataan yang ada di Lapangan masih mengalami kendala-kendala antara lain: Intensitas dan materi komunikasi belum efektif dalam pemanfaatannya, Keterbatasan tenaga Penyuluh, Keterbatasan jumlah kelompok sasaran, Pemanfaatan media, dan metode komunikasi belum maksimal. Dalam Inovasi Upsus Tanaman Jagung Berbasis Agribisnis Hulu Di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU dalam Sarana produksi pertanian (SAPRODI) baik pengadaan benih (47%), pengadaan pupuk (80%), pengadaan pestisida (79%), dan pengadaan alat mesin pertanian (88%), semuanya berada dalam kategori rendah. Inovasi Upsus tanaman jagung dalam aspek usahatani Di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU baik kegiatan pengolahan lahan (52 persen), tahap penanaman (58%), kegiatan pemeliharaan (75%), Pengendalian HPT (82 persen) berada dalam kategori rendah, sedangkan kegiatan panen (67%), dan kegiatan Pascapanen (pengupasan, pengeringan, pemipilan, dan penyimpanan) (69%) dominan petani berada pada kategori tinggi. Sedangkan inovasi Upsus tanaman jagung berbasis agribisnis hilir Di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU khususnya agribisnis hilir khususnya grading dominan berada pada kategori tinggi (71%), sedangkan pengolahan produk (77%), packing (67%, dan pemasaran produk jagung (58 persen) dominan berada dalam kategori rendah. Dan berdasarkan produksi (68%), produktivitas (78%), dan penerimaan petani (60%) berada dalam kategori rendah. Berdasarkan analisis Nvivo diketahui bahwa Peran kelembagaan berbasis dinamika kelompok program Upsus tanaman jagung di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU memiliki tujuan, struktur, dan kekompakan kelompok yang tinggi namun dalam dinamika kelompok dominan berada dalam kategori Rendah sehingga belum optimal dalam pemanfaatannya. Dalam konteks sosialisasi petunjuk teknis upaya pengembangan Upsus tanaman jagung dominan berada x dalam kategori rendah (66%), dan peran kelembagaan dalam kegiatan program Upsus tanaman jagung sesuai petunjuk teknis di lokasi penelitian dominan berada dalam kategori rendah (62%). Adapun konteks pembicaraan tentang peran kelembagaan petani Upsus tanaman jagung dalam peran kebijakan pemerintah, dominan petani mengharapkan sosialisasi lebih awal dan berkelanjutan serta merata kepada petani. Peran Lembaga penyedia modal di lokasi penelitian tersedia namun dominan rendah dan dampaknya bagi petani kurang meminjam pada lembaga-lembaga tersebut karena minimnya pemahaman petani terkait prosedur peminjaman, kurang sosialisasi dari lembaga, serta petani tidak sanggup mengembalikan bunga pinjaman. Peran kelompok tani dalam memberikan informasi dominan rendah (53%), sebagai kelompok belajar dominan rendah (63%), dan peran kelompok tani sebagai wadah kerjasama dominan berada dalam kategori tinggi (45%). Peran kelompok tani dalam sinergi kerjasama di lokasi penelitian dinilai belum baik dengan pihak penyuluh dan pemerintah, dikarenakan petani bersikap pasif dan kurang akses informasi. Sinergi kerjasama dengan pihak swasta, LSM, pedagang masih sangat kurang sekali dikarenakan petani belum memiliki keberanian dan keterbatasan dalam menjalin hubungan dengan pihak lain selain pemerintah. Komunikasi Upsus tanaman jagung berbasis kearifan oleh petani di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU dominan dibicarakan petani adalah ta’sine mes ok’nini, to’en aut’fini, dan t’sek pena. Hal ini berarti tradisi memberitahu leluhur, memberitahu roh alam, dan bersyukur kepada Tuhan sesuai keyakinan petani Upsus tanaman jagung di lokasi penelitian memiliki nilai menghormati, menghargai, sopan santun, aman, kelestarian, keharmonisan, kedamaian, dan bekerjasama, penting untuk diperhatikan dan dijalankan dalam setiap usahatani tanaman jagung. Dengan demikian maka dalam pengelolaan Upsus tanaman jagung berbasis kearifan lokal perlu penguatan kapasitas kelompok sosial dalam pengelolaan ritual (kepala adat/to’be) ta’sine mes ok’nini, to’en aut’fini, dan t’sek pena sesuai suku-suku dalam sistem sosial masyarakat atau petani Upsus tanaman jagung di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU. Persepsi petani terhadap peran penyuluh Upsus tanaman jagung di TTU berdasarkan intensitas penyuluhan, dan materi penyuluhan dominan berada dalam kategori rendah. Rendahnya persepsi petani ini karena menilai bahwa penyuluh yang ada memiliki kesibukan beragam berupa kelompok binaan yang banyak, urusan adat, gereja, dan urusan pemerintah setempat, sehingga tidak memiliki waktu yang cukup untuk memberikan penyuluhan kepada petani. Dalam konteks materi penyuluhan, petani mengharapkan materi terkait pemasaran hasil, pengelolaan modal, dan pelatihan bersama sebagai model kelompok tani di desa asalnya). Bila dilihat penerimaan petani dalam Upsus tanaman jagung, petani mengalami peningkatan dalam kategori innovator (7,3%), namun terjadi peningkatan pula dalam kategori late adopter (42,4%) yang menunjukkan bahwa petani selalu berhati-hati mengenai inovasi Upsus tanaman jagung, menunggu hingga banyak orang telah mencoba dan memilih/mengadopsi inovasi Upsus tanaman jagung baru diterapkannya. Sementara kategori early adopter (10,6%), kategori early majority (24,5%), kategori langgard (15,2, dalam lima tahun program berjalan mengalami penurunan difusi inovasi terkait kategori adopter. Model komunikasi Upsus tanaman jagung berdasarkan analisis structural equation modeling (SEM) dengan generalized structures component anaysis (GSCA) (SEM-GSCA) maka faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas komunikasi Upsus tanaman jagung adalah faktor internal petani, karakteristik inovasi, peran media informasi, dan peran penyuluh dengan nilai CR lebih besar dari critical value (CR > 1,96). Sedangkan faktor eksternal petani memiliki nilai xi positif namun mempunyai pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap efektivitas komunikasi. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan perilaku petani Upsus tanaman jagung adalah faktor eksternal petani, dan efektifitas komunikasi dengan nilai CR lebih besar dari critical value (CR > 1,96). Sedangkan faktor internal petani, karakteristik inovasi, peran media informasi, dan peran penyuluh memiliki nilai positif namun mempunyai pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap perilaku petani Upsus tanaman jagung. Model komunikasi Upsus tanaman jagung berbasis kearifan lokal yang efektif dalam peningkatan perilaku petani dapat menerima atau mengadopsi Upsus tanaman jagung secara berkelanjutan maka dilakukan upaya perbaikan dengan model yang memuat faktor Input, proses, output, dan dampak. Agar Model komunikasi Upsus tanaman jagung berbasis kearifan lokal dapat berjalan efektif maka perlu perbaikan pada: Perbaikan input/masukan melalui: (1) peningkatan peran media informasi bagi petani melalui ketersediaan informasi; (2) meningkatkan akses modal keuangan oleh petani sebagai sarana peningkatan usaha dengan menjadikan kelompok tani sebagai dampingan dari lembaga keuangan yang ada; (3) meningkatkan peran penyuluh Upsus tanaman jagung, melalui kegiatan pengengevaluasian; (4) perbaikan faktor internal petani, melalui pendampingan dan pelatihan berbasis karakteristik petani; (5) peningkatan kemudahan dalam aplikasi inovasi Upsus tanaman jagung, dengan pemerintah memfasilitasi secara terus-menerus agar program yang dikembangkan tidak berhenti pada satu fase tetapi berkelanjutan, hingga pada titik tertentu petani terbiasa dalam berusahatani; (6) meningkatkan peran kearifan lokal dalam ta’sina mes ok’nin (memberitahu leluhur), to’en aut’fin (mengundang/memberitahu roh alam), dan tsek pena (panen jagung) di Kecamatan Insana Kabupaten TTU yang sudah dijalankan secara turun temurun; (7) perbaikan peran kelembagaan melalui peningkatan dinamika kelompok tani, sosialisasi kebijakan pemerintah terkait Upsus tanaman jagung secara terbuka dan berkelanjutan, pendampingan lembaga penyedia modal keuangan kepada kelompok tani, serta penguatan kelompok tani melalui jaringan komunikasi secara melembaga dan jelas aturan dan tupoksinya antar pemerintah, NGO, dan kelompok tani. Perbaikan proses berhubungan dengan peran metode penyuluhan untuk mendukung proses belajar bersama petani yakni dapat menjemput informasi, menyediakan informasi, dan memperjelas informasi dalam bentuk pelatihan-pelatihan berusahatani Upsus tanaman jagung.

English Abstract

The development of maize in Indonesia in production is still experiencing a decline so that it continues to threaten the needs of farmers and other industries. The presence of Upsus for corn plants as a solution in an effort to increase corn production for farmers in particular and the community as well as in responding to food needs globally. Improving farmer behavior is an important element in supporting the sustainability of Upsus corn plants. In improving the behavior of farmers, the role of farmer groups is the target of the Upsus corn crop program as a forum for farmers to gather and discuss in carrying out farming activities for corn crop Upsus as well as being able to function as a communication channel between farmers to share experiences together or exchange information between farmers. For this reason, the involvement of all components of the government, farmers, farmer groups, and the private sector is a very important indicator for the success of the development process, including the agricultural sector, especially the Upsus corn crop program. Here, communication plays a very vital role in the process of Upsus on corn plants towards changing the behavior of farmers and in the end farmers accept Upsus on corn plants in their lives. This study aims to determine the Communication Model of Special Efforts (Upsus) for corn plants based on local wisdom that is effective in providing farmers' behavior to receive Upsus on corn in a sustainable manner in TTU Regency. This research was conducted in Insana District, North Central Timor (TTU) East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province, starting from August 2019 to January 2020. The method used to solve the problem in this study was a mixed method (Mixed Method) with a sequential model. explanatory. The population in this study were farmers participating in the Upsus corn crop program in Insana District, TTU Regency with six selected villages totaling 270 farmers. The sampling technique was carried out in stages (multi-step random sampling) which was carried out as follows: The first stage, determined the number of villages selected purposively. The second stage is to determine the number of groups to represent each village by proportional random sampling (30%) of the number of farmer groups in each village. The third stage is to determine the number of corn farmers in each group by proportional random sampling. Determination of the sample size was calculated using the Slovin formula as many as 161 corn farmers. For the purposes of the qualitative approach, data information was obtained from key informants and informants. first, the key informant data was carried out by snowball sampling and there were 6 farmers. The two informants who were purposive were 6 people. Quantitative data collection techniques were carried out by means of structured interviews using written questions and participatory observations for primary data collection, while secondary data was collected by looking at documents from the TTU District Agriculture Office, Village Office, and BPP Office. Qualitative data collection techniques were carried out by means of technical triangulation, namely collecting data from the same source in various ways including combining observations, in-depth interviews with questionnaires, documents/reports, FGD guidelines. In-depth interviews or unstructured interviews are conducted freely even though they use interview guidelines, but the guidelines are not strict, adjusting to the situation and the existing dialogue between the informant as a subject and the researcher. Data were analyzed descriptively, inferentially and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with xiii generalized structures component analysis (GSCA) (SEM-GSCA). While the analysis tool is a qualitative approach with the technique of analyzing and reviewing data derived from the views of the informants which includes three paths, namely Data Reduction (data reduction), Data Presentation (data display), and Drawing Conclusions (conclusion drawing/verification). Besides that, in qualitative analysis, Nvivo software tools are also used. The results showed that the internal factors of farmers (the dominant age was in the adult category, formal education, non-formal education was dominant in the low category, the experience of the dominant farmer was in the high category, while land area, and the dominant cosmopolitan were in the very low category), farmers' external factors (the availability of dominant infrastructure is in the high category, while the availability of market access and access to capital is dominant in the low category), innovation characteristics (relative advantage and can be tested dominantly are in the low category, while suitability, complexity, and observability are dominant in the low category). high category), the role of the dominant information media is in the low category, the role of extension agents (educators, facilitators, consultants, and dynamists, dominant is in the high category, while motivators, organizers, and evaluators are dominant in the low category), Communication effectiveness (dominant communicator) are in in the high category, while messages, channels, methods, receivers, and effects are in the low category), and changes in behavior of farmers are in the low category. The implementation of the Corn Plant Upsus communication in its implementation involves many agencies both at the Central level to the Regional level which are commando. However, according to the reality in the field, there are still obstacles, including: Intensity and ineffective use of communication materials, limited extension staff, limited number of target groups, media utilization, and communication methods have not been maximized. In Upsus Corn Plant Innovation Based on Upstream Agribusiness in Insana Subdistrict, TTU Regency in Agricultural Production Facilities (SAPRODI) both procurement of seeds (47%), procurement of fertilizers (80%), procurement of pesticides (79%), and procurement of agricultural machinery (88% ), all of them are in the low category. Upsus innovation of corn in farming aspects In Insana Subdistrict, TTU Regency, both land processing activities (52 percent), planting stage (58%), maintenance activities (75%), HPT control (82 percent) are in the low category, while harvesting activities ( 67%), and postharvest activities (stripping, drying, shelling, and storage) (69%) dominant farmers are in the high category. While the innovation of Upsus corn plants based on downstream agribusiness in Insana District, TTU Regency, especially downstream agribusiness, especially the dominant grading is in the high category (71%), while product processing (77%), packing (67%, and marketing of corn products (58 percent) is dominant. are in the low category, and based on production (68%), productivity (78%), and farmer acceptance (60%) are in the low category. Based on Nvivo's analysis, it is known that the institutional role based on the group dynamics of the Upsus maize program in Insana District, TTU Regency has high goals, structure, and group cohesiveness but the institutional role in dominant group dynamics is in the Low category so that its utilization is not optimal. In the context of program socialization in the technical guidelines for the development of Upsus, the dominant maize crop is in the low category (66%), and the role of institutions in the socialization of technical guidelines in the research location is dominant in the low category (62%). As for the context of the discussion about the institutional role of Upsus farmers on corn in the role of government policy, the dominant farmers expect early and sustainable and equitable socialization to farmers. The role of institutions providing capital in the research xiv location is available but dominantly low (53%). And the impact is that farmers borrow less from these institutions due to the lack of understanding of farmers regarding lending procedures, lack of socialization from institutions, and farmers being unable to repay loan interest. The role of farmer groups in providing information is dominantly low (53%), as a low dominant study group (63%), and the role of farmer groups as a forum for dominant cooperation is in the high category (45%). The role of farmer groups in the synergy of cooperation at the research location is considered not good with extension workers and the government, because farmers are passive and lack access to information. The synergy of cooperation with the private sector, NGOs, traders is still lacking because farmers do not have the courage and limitations in establishing relationships with parties other than the government. Wisdom-based Upsus communication on corn plants by farmers in Insana District, TTU Regency, dominantly discussed by farmers is ta'sine mes ok'nini, to'en aut'fini, and t'sek Pena. This means that the tradition of telling ancestors, telling the spirit of nature, and being grateful to God according to the beliefs of Upsus farmers, corn plants in the research location have values of respect, respect, courtesy, safety, sustainability, harmony, peace, and cooperation, which are important to be considered and carried out in each corn crop farming. Thus, in the management of Upsus corn plants based on local wisdom, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of social groups in managing rituals (customary heads/to'be) in the cycle of ta'sine mes ok'nini, to'en aut'fini, and t'sek Pena according to tribes in the community social system or farmers of Upsus corn in Insana District, TTU Regency. Farmers' perceptions of the role of the Upsus instructor for corn in TTU based on the intensity of the dominant extension were in the low category (66%), the dominant extension material was in the low category (46%). This low perception of farmers is due to the view that the existing extension workers have various activities in the form of customary affairs, church affairs, and local government affairs, so they do not have sufficient time to provide counseling to farmers. In the context of extension materials, farmers expect materials related to product marketing, capital management, and joint training as models for farmer groups in their home villages). When viewed from the acceptance of farmers in the corn crop Upsus, farmers experienced an increase in the innovator category (7.3%), but there was also an increase in the late adopter category (42.4%). wait until a lot of people have tried and chose/adopted the new Upsus corn plant innovation. While the early adopter category (10.6%), the early majority category (24.5%), experienced a decline, but in the langgar category (15.2%) it decreased when compared to Rogers' theory of innovation diffusion related to the adopter category. The corn crop Upsus communication model is based on structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with generalized structures component analysis (GSCA) (SEM-GSCA) so the factors that affect the effectiveness of corn plant Upsus communication are internal factors of farmers, characteristics of innovation, the role of information media, and the role of the extension worker with a CR value greater than the critical value (CR > 1.96). While the external factors of farmers have a positive value but have no significant effect on the effectiveness of communication. The factors that influence changes in the behavior of Upsus farmers in maize are external factors of farmers, and the effectiveness of communication with a CR value greater than the critical value (CR > 1.96). Meanwhile, the internal factors of farmers, characteristics of innovation, the role of information media, and the role of extension workers have positive values but have no significant effect on the behavior of Upsus farmers in corn. xv The corn crop Upsus communication model based on local wisdom that is effective in improving the behavior of farmers can accept or adopt corn crop Upsus in a sustainable manner, an improvement effort is made with a model that includes input, process, output, and impact factors. In order for the Upsus corn plant communication model based on local wisdom to work effectively, it is necessary to improve on: Improvement of inputs/inputs through: (1) increasing the role of information media for farmers through the availability of information; (2) increasing access to financial capital by farmers as a means of increasing business by making farmer groups assisted by existing financial institutions; (3) increasing the role of the Upsus instructor for corn plants, through evaluation activities; (4) improvement of farmers' internal factors, through assistance and training based on farmer characteristics; (5) increasing the ease of application of Upsus innovation for corn, with the government continuously facilitating so that the programs developed do not stop at one phase but are sustainable, until at a certain point farmers get used to farming; (6) increasing the role of local wisdom in ta'sina mes ok'nin (telling the ancestors), to'en aut'fin (inviting/telling the spirits of nature), and tsek pen (harvesting corn) in Insana Subdistrict, TTU Regency which has been carried out regularly. hereditary; (7) improvement of institutional roles through open and sustainable socialization of government policies related to Upsus on corn, assistance to institutions providing financial capital to farmer groups, as well as strengthening farmer groups through institutionalized communication networks and clear rules and main tasks between governments, NGOs and farmer groups . The improvement of the process relates to the role of extension methods to support the learning process with farmers, namely being able to collect information, provide information, and clarify information in the form of upsus farming trainings for corn.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Identification Number:	0621040004
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	26 Jul 2022 02:24
Last Modified:	26 Jul 2022 02:24
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192680

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