Salsabila, Nafla and Prof. Dr. Ir. Harijono M, App.Sc. (2020) Optimasi Ukuran Partikel Tepung Biji, Suhu dan Lama Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Polisakarida Larut Air- Bukan Pati Biji Asam (Tamarindus Indica L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pasar hidrokoloid secara global semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya, hidrokoloid banyak digunakan dalam industri pangan sebagai pengental, penstabil, pengemulsi, pembentuk tekstur, gelling agent, serat pangan, edible film agent, dll. Di Indonesia banyak sekali sumber hidrokoloid, namun eksplorasi dan pemanfaatannya masih kurang. Salah satu sumber hidrokoloid alami yaitu polisakarida yang terdapat pada tumbuhan asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.). Tanaman asam jawa banyak tumbuh di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia, namun pemanfaatannya belum maksimal, bagian biji asam jawa seringkali dijadikan limbah. Pada bagian biji asam jawa terdapat kandungan polisakarida larut air bukan pati (PLA-BP) yang cukup besar dan memiliki sifat yang unggul seperti dapat membentuk gel pada rentang pH yang lebar serta stabil terhadap pemanasan yang lama. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari biji asam jawa dengan optimasi proses ekstraksi PLA-BP biji asam jawa menggunakan metode Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan rancangan Box Behnken Design (BBD), dengan tiga faktor yaitu faktor I suhu ekstraksi (40,50,dan 60⁰C), faktor II lama waktu ektraksi (15, 22.5 dan 30 menit) serta faktor III ukuran partikel tepung endosperm (30, 45 dan 60 mesh), yang akan menghasilkan 17 kombinasi percobaan. Parameter yang diuji pada penelitian ini yaitu rendemen dan kelarutan. Hasil optimasi ektraksi yang didapatkan akan dianalisa kadar air, protein, lemak, dan abu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh faktor yang optimum terhadap respon yaitu pada suhu 60⁰C, lama waktu 30 menit dan ukuran partikel tepung biji asam 60 mesh. Respon yang dihasilkan yaitu rendemen sebesar 78,27% dan kelarutan dalam air 39,75%. Selain itu dilakukan analisa lanjutan pada PLA-BP hasil optimasi berupa uji kadar air, protein kasar, lemak kasar, dan abu. Jika dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional, ekstraksi menggunakan bantuan geombang ultrasonik lebih cepat dan menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih banyak
English Abstract
Global hydrocolloid markets increasing every year, hydrocolloid widely used in the food industry as as thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, texture forming, gelling agent, food fiber, edible film agent, etc. In Indonesia, there are many hydrocolloid sources, but its exploration and utilization is still lacking. One of the natural hydrocolloid sources is polysaccharides that found in tamarind plants (Tamarindus indica L.). Tamarind plants widely grow in several regions in Indonesia, but its utilization has not been maximized, the seeds of tamarind are often used as waste. The seeds contain water soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which is quite large and has superior properties such as form a gel over a wide pH range and is stable to long heating. Therefore, this research aims to increase economic value of tamarind seeds. The extraction process of tamarind non-starch polysaccharides is optimized by using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE). This research is conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method and Box Behnken Design (BBD) design using three factors, namely factor I temperature of extraction (40,50,and 60⁰C), factor II time of extraction (15, 22.5 and 30 minutes) and factor III particle sizes of tamarind seeds flour (30, 45 and 60 mesh) so that obtained 17 treatments combination. The main responses analyzed in this study were yield and solubility in water. The proximate levels of the optimization results obtained will be analyzed such as mositure content, crude protein, crude fat and ash. Based on this research, obtained the optimum factor for the response that is, at the extraction temperature of 60⁰C, the length of extraction time 30 minutes and the particle size of 60 mesh. The result of the response are 78,27% of NSP yield, and 39,75% of solubility in water. In addition, further analysis is carried out for optimum tamarind NSP such as, mositure content, crude protein, crude fat and ash. If its compared with conventional methods, extraction using ultrasonic wave help faster and produces more yield
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0520100125 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biji Asam, Ekstraksi, PLA-BP, UAE, Response Surface Methodology, Tamarind Seed, Extraction, NSP, UAE, Response Surface Methodology |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Zainul Mustofa |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jul 2022 05:03 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Jul 2022 05:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/191845 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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