Tahir, Muhammad (2019) Evaluasi Penggunaan Minyak Atsiri Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum, Fam. Myrtaceae) Sebagai Aditif Dalam Pakan Ayam Pedaging. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi penggunaan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh sebagai aditif dalam pakan ayam pedaging. Penelitian tahap pertama mengevaluasi daya hambat eugenol terhadap Esherichia coli, Salmonella sp. dan Lactobacillus sp dengan konsentasi eugenol 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,25; 1,5; 1,75; 2; 2,25 dan 2,5%. Penelitian tahap kedua mengevaluasi penambahan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dalam pakan terhadap energi metabolis serta kecernaan bahan kering dan protein pakan ayam pedaging. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam pedaging 24 ekor umur 6 minggu, berat badan rata-rata 1,90 ± 0,13 kg yang ditempatkan dalam kandang metabolis masing-masing 1 ekor/petak. Perlakuan yang dicobakan: E0 (Pakan Basal tanpa penambahan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh), E1 (Pakan basal + minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 6,27 g/kg pakan), E2 (Pakan basal + minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 12,54 g/kg pakan), E3 (Pakan basal + minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 18,82 g/kg pakan), E4 (Pakan basal + minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 25,09 g/kg pakan), E5 (Pakan basal + minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 31,36 g/kg pakan). Penelitian tahap ketiga mengevaluasi performan dan kualitas karkas ayam pedaging yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh. Penelitian menggunakan ayam pedaging umur 1 minggu sebanyak 200 ekor, berat badan rata-rata 142,25 ± 7,75 g, perlakuan terdiri dari E0, E1, E2 dan E3. Data hasil penelitian dianalisa menggunakan program analisis berdasarkan rancangan acak lengkap. Hasil penelitian tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan eugenol minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 0,25% menghambat pertumbuhan Esherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. dan penggunaannya 2,25% menghambat secara total. Konsentrasi eugenol 0,25-0,5% dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan Lactobacillus sp, konsentrasi 0,75% menurunkan populasi bakteri tersebut dan menghambat secara total pada konsentrasi 1,75%. Penambahan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 6,27–18,82 g/kg pakan (perlakuan E1, E2 dan E3), nyata meningkatkan (P<0,01) energi metabolis serta kecernaan bahan kering dan protein pakan dibanding kontrol (perlakuan E0). Penambahan 25,09 – 31,36 g/kg pakan (perlakuan E3 dan E4) signifikan menurunkan (P<0,01) energi metabolis serta kecernaan bahan kering dan protein pakan. Hasil penelitian tahap ketiga menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 6,27 – 12,54 g/kg pakan meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan bobot badan akhir serta menurunkan konsumsi pakan. Penambahan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 6,27 – 12,54 g/kg pakan meningkatkan persentase bobot karkas, karkas bagian dada dan paha atas. Penambahan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 6,27 – 18,82 g/kg pakan signifikan menurunkan (P<0,01) lemak abdominal dan kolesterol daging pada ayam pedaging umur 6 minggu. Kesimpulannya adalah penggunaan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh 12,54 g/kg pakan memberikan pengaruh yang terbaik terhadap performan produksi serta kualitas karkas dan daging ayam pedaging.
English Abstract
This research evaluated the use of clove leaf essential oil as feed additive in broiler chickens. The first experiment aimed to evaluate inhibitory effect of eugenol on Esherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Lactobacillus sp when it was used at 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.25 and 2.5%. in the second experiment, addition of essential oil from clove leaf was evaluated toward metabolizable energy and digestibilities of dry matter and protein in broilers. This experiment used 24 broiler of 6 weeks old with average body weight of 1.90 ± 0.13 kg, placed in single metabolic cage per unit. Treatments were E0 (basal feed without addition of essential oil from clove oil), E1 (basal feed + addition of essential oil from clove oil 6.27 g/kg feed), E2 (basal feed + addition of essential oil from clove oil 12.54 g/kg feed), E3 (basal feed + addition of essential oil from clove oil 18.82 g/kg feed), E4 (basal feed + addition of essential oil from clove oil 25.09 g/kg feed), E5 (basal feed + addition of essential oil from clove oil 31.36 g/kg feed). The third experiment aimed to evaluate performance and carcass quality of broiler when the feed was added with clove leaf essential oil. Two hundred day old chicks broiler were used with average body weight of 142.25 ± 7.75 g, the treatments used were E0, E1, E2 and E3. Data were analysed by ANOVA based on completely randomized design. The results showed that the use of eugenol at 0.25% inhibited growth of Esherichia coli and Salmonella sp. and the use of 2.25% eugenol totally killed the bacteria. Concentration of eugenol 0.25 – 0.5% increased growth of Lactobacillus sp, but at higher levels could kill it. Addition of clove leaf essential oil 6.27 – 18.82 g/kg feed (E1, E2 and E3) significantly increased (P<0.01) metabolizable energy and digestibilities of dry matter and protein when compared to control group (E0). Addition of 25.01 – 31.36 g/kg feed (E3 and E4) significantly reduced (P<0.01) metabolizable energy and digestibilities of dry matter and protein. From the third experiment, the results showed that addition of clove leaf essential oil 6.27 – 12.54 g/kg feed increase body weight gain and final body weight, but reduced feed consumption. Addition of clove leaf essential oil 6.27 – 12.54 g/kg feed increased carcass percentage, carcass of leg and breast. Addition of clove leaf essential oil 6.27 – 12.54 g/kg feed significantly reduced (P<0.01) abdominal fat and breast cholesterol of 6 weeks old broilers. The conclusion is the use of clove leaf essential oil 12.54 g/kg feed gives the best results of production performances and quality of carcass of broilers.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DIS/636.5/TAH/e/2019/062000445 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bakteri, Ayam pedaging, eugenol, daun cengkeh, kecernaan nutrisi, performan, karkas, kolesterol,-Bacteria, broiler, eugenol, cloves leaves, nutrient digestibilities, performances, carcass, cholesterol |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 636 Animal husbandry > 636.5 Chickens and other kinds of domestic birds |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Feb 2022 04:26 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Feb 2022 04:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/189781 |
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