Isolasi, Seleksi, dan Identifikasi Jamur Endofit Asal Tanaman Jeruk (Citrus spp.) sebagai Agen Biokontrol Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tanaman Jeruk

Pramono, Chakim and Dr. Agustin Krisna Wardani,, STP., M.Si. and Yunimar,, Ssi.,M.Si (2021) Isolasi, Seleksi, dan Identifikasi Jamur Endofit Asal Tanaman Jeruk (Citrus spp.) sebagai Agen Biokontrol Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tanaman Jeruk. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Produksi buah jeruk di Indonesia tahun 1980 hingga 2015 meningkat dari 311.014 ton menjadi 1,86 juta ton (Pusdatin, 2015). Pada musim penghujan terjadi peningkatan kelembapan, buah jeruk rentan terserang jamur patogen Colletotrichum spp. penyebab antraknosa. Penanganan yang biasa diterapkan adalah pemotongan bagian terdampak, tetapi kurang efektif karena hanya bersifat preventif. Penggunaan pestisida berlebih berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan. Cara alami dapat menggunakan mikroorganisme endofit. Enzim glukanase dan kitinase dianggap penting karena dapat menghidrolisis dinding sel jamur patogen tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi, menyeleksi, dan mengindentifikasi jamur endofit berpotensi sebagai agen biokontrol penyakit antraknosa, mengetahui mekanisme jamur endofit dalam menghambat jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., dan mengetahui isolat dengan kemampuan mensekresikan metabolit sekunder berupa enzim glukanase dan atau kitinase. Metode dual culture digunakan untuk uji antagonis. Rancangan Acak Lengkap digunakan untuk mengetahui rerata presentase hambatan dan pengamatan morfologi secara mikroskopis untuk mengidentifikasi jamur endofit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat jamur endofit terpilih mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Colletotrichum sp. Zona hambat tertinggi pada isolat berkode A.IIP45.1 (60,07%) dan zona hambat terkecil (40,37%) dari isolat berkode B.IP12.1. Mekanisme penghambatan yakni kompetisi, mikoparasit, dan antibiosis. Isolat berkode A.IIP56.1 mensekresi enzim kitinase. Isolat berkode D.IIP01.1 dan D.IP12.1 mensekresikan enzim glukanase. Identifikasi secara mikroskopis menunjukkan isolat berkode A.IIP56.1, B.IIP45.1, dan D.IP12.1 diduga termasuk kedalam genus Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., dan Penicillium sp. Dua isolat tidak teridentifikasi berkode B.IP12.1, dan D.IIP01.1

English Abstract

Citrus fruit production in Indonesia from 1980 to 2015 have been increased from 311,014 tons to 1.86 million tons (Pusdatin, 2015). In the rainy season there is an increase in humidity so that citrus fruits are susceptible to pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum spp. causes anthracnose. The common treatment is cutting the affected part, but not not effective because it is only preventive. Excessive in using chemical pesticides cause negative impact on health and the environment. Natural method is using endophytic microorganisms. Glucanase and chitinase enzymes are considered important because they can hydrolyze the cell walls of plant pathogenic fungi. The purpose of this study was to isolate, select, and identify endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents for anthracnose disease, to determine the mechanism of endophytic fungi isolates in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum spp., And to determine isolates with the ability to secrete secondary metabolites in the form of glucanase and chitinase enzymes. The dual culture method was used in antagonist test. Complety randomyzed design was used for knowing average percentage of inhibition and microscopic morphological observations to identify endophytic fungi. The results have shown that the five selected endophytic fungi isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum sp. The highest inhibition zone for isolates coded A.IIP45.1 (60.07%) and the smallest inhibition zone (40.37%) of isolates coded B.IP12.1. Inhibition mechanisms are competition, mycoparasites, and antibiosis. Isolate coded A.IIP56.1 secreted chitinase enzyme. The isolates coded D.IIP01.1 and D.IP12.1 secreted the enzyme glucanase. Microscopic identification shown that isolates coded A.IIP56.1, B.IIP45.1, and D.IP12.1 were thought to belong to the genus of Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. Two unidentified isolates coded B.IP12.1, and D.IIP01.1

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0521100175
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Tanaman Jeruk (Citrus spp.), Colletotrichum sp., Jamur Endofit, Enzim Glukanase, Enzim Kitinase,Citrus Plants (Citrus spp.), Colletotrichum sp., Endophytic Fungi, Glucanase Enzymes, Chitinase Enzymes
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	28 Dec 2021 04:34
Last Modified:	09 Oct 2024 04:09
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/187680

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