Setyorini, Dimas Ayu (2019) Pengaruh Berbagai Kotoran Ternak Terhadap Proses Pengomposan Dan Kualitas Kompos Dari Sabut Kelapa. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sabut kelapa merupakan bagian luar dari buah kelapa yang berupa seratserat kasar. Sabut kelapa mengandung unsur hara N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, dan Al sehingga berpotensi untuk dijadikan pupuk organik. Namun, sabut kelapa memiliki nilai C/N rasio yang tinggi (62,14) jika diaplikasikan langsung ke tanah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kompetisi unsur hara oleh mikroorganisme dekomposer untuk menguraikan bahan organik dengan tanaman dalam menyerap unsur hara. Upaya untuk menghindari hal tersebut yaitu dengan melakukan proses pengomposan sabut kelapa dengan penambahan bahan lain yang memiliki C/N rendah seperti kotoran ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai kotoran ternak (ayam, sapi, kambing) terhadap proses pengomposan sabut kelapa, kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan, dan populasi bakteri pada kompos. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari hingga Juni 2019 di UPT Kompos Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Bahan yang dikomposkan yaitu sabut kelapa dan kotoran ternak (kotoran ayam, sapi dan kambing). Penelitian dilakukan dengan 7 perlakuan 3 ulangan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu (1) SK (100% sabut kelapa), (2) 1KA (75% sabut kelapa + 25% kotoran ayam), (3) 2KA (50% sabut kelapa + 50% kotoran ayam), (4) 1KS (75% sabut kelapa + 25% kotoran sapi), (5) 2KS (50% sabut kelapa + 50% kotoran sapi), (6) 1KK (75% sabut kelapa + 25% kotoran kambing), dan (7) 2KK (50% sabut kelapa + 50% kotoran kambing). Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu, bobot kompos, total populasi bakteri, pH, C-organik, N-total, C/N rasio, P-total dan K-total. Data dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Genstat, apabila terdapat hasil beda nyata pada Analysis of Variance (Anova) uji F taraf 5% maka dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan BNJ taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan suhu selama proses pengomposan, suhu tertinggi terjadi pada 12 hari pengomposan yang memasuki fase termofilik. Perlakuan dengan penambahan kotoran ternak memiliki suhu puncak mencapai 49,23oC, sedangkan perlakuan SK hanya mencapai suhu 32,07oC. Penyusutan bobot kompos terendah terdapat pada perlakuan tanpa penambahan kotoran ternak (SK). pH akhir kompos semua perlakuan berkisar antara 6,81–7,05 yang tergolong netral. C-organik tertinggi pada perlakuan SK sebesar 32,7%. Kompos perlakuan SK memiliki kandungan N, P dan K total terendah. N dan P total tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 2KA, sedangkan K-total tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 2KK yaitu 4,32%, kandungan N, P dan K total semua perlakuan telah memenuhi standar kualitas kompos berdasarkan SNI 19- 7030-2004. C/N rasio kompos semua perlakuan telah memenuhi standar kualitas kompos kecuali perlakuan tanpa penambahan kotoran ternak (SK). Populasi bakteri kompos tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 2KA yang pada 4 minggu setelah pengomposan mencapai 81,74 x 105CFU/g kemudian diikuti 2KS yaitu 81,35 x 105CFU/g dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan SK yaitu 34,2x 105CFU/g.
English Abstract
Coconut husk is the outside of the coconut fruit which contains crude fiber. Coconut husk contains nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Al, so that it has the potensial to be used as organic fertilizer. However, coconut husk has a high C/N ratio (62,14) if applied directly to the soil can cause nutrient competition by decomposer microorganisms to decompose organic matter with plants in absorbing nutrients. The effort to avoid this is by carrying out the process of composting coconut husk with other materials which have a lower C/N ratio such as livestock manure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various manure (chicken, cow, and goat manure) on the process of composting coconut husk, the quality of compost produced, and bacterial populations on compost. The study was conducted in February to June 2019 at UPT Compost Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. The composted material is coconut husk and livestock manure (chicken, cow and goat manure). The study was conducted with 7 treatments 3 replications using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments used were (1) SK (100% coconut husk), (2) 1KA (75% coconut husk + 25% chicken manure), (3) 2KA (50% coconut husk + 50% chicken manure), (4) 1KS (75% coconut husk + 25% cow manure), (5) 2KS (50% coconut husk + 50% cow manure), (6) 1KK (75% coconut husk + 25% goat manure), and (7) 2KK (50% coconut husk + 50% goat manure). Parameters related to temperature, weight of compost, total bacterial population, pH, Corganic, N-total, C/N ratio, P-total and K-total. Data were analyzed using the Genstat application, if there were significant differences in the Analysis of Variance (Anova) F-test level of 5%, further tests were performed using a BNJ level of 5%. The results showed a change in temperature during the composting process, the highest temperature occurred at 12 days of composting which entered the thermophilic phase. The treatment with the addition of livestock manure has a peak temperature reaching 49,23oC, while the SK treatment only reaches a temperature of 32,07oC. The lowest weight loss of compost is in the treatment without the addition of livestock manure (SK). The final pH of compost for all treatments ranged from 6,81 to 7,05 which was classified as neutral. The highest C-organic in SK treatment was 32,70%. SK treatment compost has the lowest N, P and K total contents. The highest N and P total were found in the 2KA treatment, while the highest K total was in the 2KK treatment at 4,32%, the N, P and K total content of all treatments had met the compost quality standard based on SNI 19- 7030-2004. The compost C/N ratio of all treatments met the compost quality standard except the treatment without the addition of livestock manure (SK). The highest compost bacterial population was in the 2KA treatment which at 4 weeks after composting reached 81,74 x 105 CFU/g followed by 2KS which was 81,35 x 105 CFU/g and the lowest was in the SK treatment which was 34,2 x 105 CFU/g.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/942/052000990 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.42 Soil fertility, acidity, alkalinity > 631.422 Soil fertility |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Oct 2020 02:45 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Oct 2021 02:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179362 |
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