Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Nematoda pada Pertanaman Kopi di Beberapa Ketinggian Tempat

Marsudi, Eyik Widyansyaficha (2019) Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Nematoda pada Pertanaman Kopi di Beberapa Ketinggian Tempat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memegang peranan penting sebagai penghasil devisa negara Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Indonesian Coffe Festival (ICF) negara penghasil kopi terbesar salah satunya adalah Indonesia. Sehingga peningkatan kualitas kopi diperlukan, dengan memperhatikan proses budidaya dan perawatan yang baik namun, kegiatan pertanian diduga menjadi penyebab menurunnya biodiversitas baik di atas dan di dalam tanah. Tanah merupakan habitat bagi berbagai organisme seperti nematoda yang memiliki peran sebagai parasit tumbuhan dan non parasit (free living). Dalam mengkaji suatu masalah khususnya pada bidang nematoda tidak hanya pada nematoda parasit tumbuhan saja, melainkan juga terhadap nematoda hidup bebas yang bersifat menguntungkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun pertanaman kopi Agrotechnopark UB Jatikerto (340 mdpl), kebun milik petani di Ngantang (761 mdpl), UB Forest (1237 mdpl), dan Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari hingga April 2019. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dengan 10 sampel di setiap lokasi. Sampel yang diambil terdiri dari tanah dan akar tanaman kopi. Sebagai data penunjang faktor abiotik yang diamati terdiri dari pH, kelembaban dan suhu tanah sedangkan untuk data tekstur dan C-Organik tanah dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dianalisis. Sampel tanah dan akar diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode white head tray. Tanah yang digunakan sebanyak 100 g dan akar yang digunakan sebanyak 10 g. Nematoda yang telah didapatkan dari hasil ekstraksi kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan morfometri. Data nematoda yang didapatkan kemudian dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Winner (H’), indeks kemerataan Pielou’s (E), indeks dominansi Simsons’s (D), dan indeks kesamaan Bray-Cyrtis (CN). Hasil penelitian ditemukan 8 genus di lokasi Ngantang dan 6 genus masing-masing di lokasi Jatikerto dan UB Forest. Genus nematoda yang ditemukan yaitu Criconemoides, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema, Helicotylenchus, Mononchus, Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, dan Aphanolaimus. Hasil analisa faktor abiotik tanah mempengaruhi kelimpahan nematoda sedangkan, ketinggian tempat tidak mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman nematoda. Di lokasi Jatikerto nematoda lebih banyak ditemukan genus Rhabditis, lokasi Ngantang ditemukan paling banyak genus Mononchus dan di lokasi UB Forest lebih banyak ditemukan genus Dorylaimus. Keanekaragaman dari nematoda yang ditemukan termasuk dalam kategori sedang artinya produktivitas dalam lahan tersebut cukup, kondisi ekosistemnya seimbang, dan tekanan ekologisnya sedang. Kemerataan dan dominansi inividu di lokasi pengambilan sampel juga termasuk sedang. Nilai kemerataan dipengaruhi oleh nilai dominansi sehingga kemertaan suatu indvidu akan rendah ketika terjadi dominansi suatu jenis individu.

English Abstract

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that plays an important role as Indonesian income resources. According to Indonesian Coffee Festival (ICF), the largest coffee producing countries is Indonesia. Therefore, quality improvement of coffee is needed by paying attention on its cultivation process. Unfortunately, the cultivation process is alleged decrease biodiversity both at top and inside soil. Soil is a habitat for various organisms such as nematode that has a role as a plant parasite and a non-parasite (free living). The problem of the nematodes are not only in plant parasitic nematodes, but also about mutual nematodes. The research was conducted in coffea plantation Agrotechnopark UB Jatikerto (340 mdpl), Ngantang field (761 mdpl), UB Forest (1237 mdpl) and Biological Control Laboratory, Departement of Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University started from January to April 2019. Sample was taken randomly with 10 samples in each location. They consisted of soil and coffee roots. As supporting data, the abiotic factor that observed ware pH, moisture, and soil temperature while for texture data and C-Organic were taken in laboratory for analyzed. The soil and root samples extraction used whitehead tray method. The soils needed was 100 g while the roots needed was 10 g. The nematodes from extracting result were identified based on morphological and morphometric character. Data population of nematodes were analyzed using Shannon-Winner diversity index (H), Pielou avenness index (E), Simpson’s dominance index (D) and Bary-Curtis similarity index (Cn). The result found eight genus in Ngantang namely Criconemoides, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema, Helicotylenchus, Mononchus, Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, and Aphanolaimus. Meanwhile in Jatikerto and UB Forest was found six genus which were the same as in Ngantang except Xiphinema, Helicotylenchus and Aphanolaimus. The genus were Criconemoides, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema, Helicotylenchus, Mononchus, Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, and Aphanolaimus. The result of analyzing soil abiotic factor influenced the abundance and diversity of nematodes. On the other hand, the altitude did not affect the abundanc and diversity of nematodes. The most nematode found in Jatikerto was Rhadibtis genus, while in Ngantang was Mononchus genus and in UB Forest was Dorylaimus genus. The diversity of nematodes was in medium category, which means that land productivity was sufficient, the condition of ecosystem was balanced, and the ecological pressure was moderate. The evenness and dominance of individuals in sampling location were also moderate. The evenness were affected by dominance value so that the individual's evenness would be low when there were dominance of an individual type.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2019/514/051907288
Uncontrolled Keywords:	-
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.7 Alkaloidal crops > 633.73 Coffee > 633.738 Special cultivation methods; Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	15 Oct 2019 02:05
Last Modified:	27 Nov 2023 07:49
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173680

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