Sari, Syella Kharisma Permata (2019) Perubahan Kadar Unsur N, K, Na Daun Dan Sifat Kimia Tanah, Serta Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Beberapa Varietas Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Pada Berbagai Kadar Garam Tanah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Lahan marginal merupakan lahan yang memiliki potensi rendah untuk dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian, dikarenakan adanya cekaman lingkungan yang akan berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas tanaman. Salah satu lahan marginal yang belum termanfaatkan adalah lahan salin. Lahan salin merupakan lahan yang memiliki kandungan garam yang berlebih dalam tanah. Lahan salin ini juga dapat menjadi faktor pembatas pertumbuhan tanaman, yang mana dapat menghambat pertumbuhan melalui penurunan biomassa, sehingga dapat menurunkan hasil atau produktivitas tanaman. Pertumbuhan tanaman pada umumnya dipengaruhi oleh 2 faktor, yaitu faktor dalam dan faktor lingkungan. Faktor dalam (internal factor) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah varietas tebu, yang terdiri dari 3 varietas yakni varietas PS 881, varietas PS JK922, dan varietas BL, dan dari 3 varietas tanaman tebu tersebut memiliki sifat atau karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Faktor lingkungan (environmental factor) yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kadar garam dalam tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2018 hingga Maret 2019, bertempat di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Karangploso, Malang. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan kadar garam tanah terhadap kadar daun tebu dan sifat kimia tanah pada tiga varietas tebu. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 15 kombinasi perlakuan dan terdapat 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kadar garam dan varietas. Kadar garam terdiri dari 0 ppm, 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm, 6000 ppm, serta 8000 ppm. Varietas tebu antara lain PS 881, PS JK922, dan BL. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi kadar daun tebu berupa kadar Nitrogen, Kalium, dan Natrium. Parameter sifat kimia tanah berupa pH tanah, konduktivitas listrik (EC) tanah, C-organik tanah, N total, K tersedia, dan Na tersedia. Parameter pertumbuhan tanaman berupa tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (Uji F) pada taraf 5 %, dan apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata akan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kadar garam dalam tanah berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar N, K, Na, ratio K/Na, pH tanah, konduktivitas listrik (EC) tanah, C-organik, N total, K tersedia, serta Na tersedia pada beberapa varietas tebu. Semakin tinggi kadar garam dalam tanah maka akan menyebabkan penurunan kadar N, K, ratio K/Na, C-organik, N total, dan K tersedia. Penambahan kadar garam dalam tanah konsentrasi 6000 ppm menyebabkan semua varietas tebu tertekan dan mulai mengalami hambatan, disamping itu pula memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap kadar N, K, ratio K/Na, N total, dan K tersedia. Kadar garam kosentrasi 6000 ppm memberikan hasil berbeda nyata terhadap kadar N pada tiga varietas tebu yaitu PS 881, PS JK922, dan BL berturut-turut sebesar 0,06%; 0,05%;ii dan 0,04%, sedangkan untuk kadar K adalah sebesar 0,42%; 0,29%; dan 0,40%. Penambahan kadar garam kosentrasi 6000 ppm juga memberikan hasil berbeda nyata terhadap ratio K/Na pada tiga varietas tebu yaitu PS 881, PS JK922, dan BL berturut-turut sebesar 0,73; 0,47; dan 0,72. Kadar garam 6000 ppm memberikan hasil berbeda nyata terhadap N total pada semua varietas tebu yaitu sebesar 0,10%; 0,10%; dan 0,10%, sedangkan K tersedia berturut-turut sebesar 0,63 me.100g-1; 0,62 me.100g-1; dan 0,63 me.100g-1. Perbedaan kadar garam dalam tanah juga memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan pada beberapa varietas tebu. Penambahan kadar garam dengan konsentrasi 6000 ppm menyebabkan penurunan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun pada semua varietas tebu. Kadar garam dengan kosentrasi 6000 ppm memberikan hasil berbeda nyata terhadap jumlah anakan (3 BST) pada tiga varietas tebu yaitu PS 881, PS JK922, dan BL berturut-turut 4,00; 6,33; dan 4,66. Penambahan kadar garam dengan konsentrasi 6000 ppm memberikan hasil berbeda nyata terhadap diameter batang pada tiga varietas tebu sebesar 1,42 cm; 1,51 cm; dan 1,86 cm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas dapat dikatakan bahwa, secara umum varietas BL lebih tahan terhadap kadar garam dengan konsentrasi kurang dari 6000 ppm.
English Abstract
Marginal land is defined as land that is of little agricultural value due to the environmental stress which gives an impact on the decline of soil productivity. One of the marginal lands that has not been utilized is saline land. Saline land refers to land that has excess salt content in it. This land can be a limiting factor for plant growth since it may inhibit growth through decreasing biomass, there by reducing crop yield or productivity. Plant growth is generally affected by 2 factors namely internal factors and environmental factors. In this study, internal factors used were sugarcane varieties that consist of 3 varieties called PS 881, PS JK992, and BL. Each of which had its unique characteristics. On the other hand, the environmental factors used were soil salinity. This study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 and took place in the Experimental Garden of the Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Karangploso, Malang. The objective of this study was to determine the effect on different soil salinity on sugarcane leaf content and soil chemical properties in three different varieties. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) was implemented with 15 treatment combinations and 3 replications. Treatments utilized were salinity and variety. The soil salinity consisted of 0 ppm, 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm, 6000 ppm, and 8000 ppm, while the sugarcane varieties were PS 881, PS JK922, and BL. Parameters observed were sugarcane leaf content (Nitrogen, Potassium, and Sodium), soil chemical properties (soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic C, total N, available K, and available Na), and plant growth (plant height, number of tillers, stem diameter, and number of leaves). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (F-Test) at a 5% significance level and followed by the DMRT test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) when a significant impact was found. The results showed that differences in salinity significantly affected the levels of Nitrogen, Potassium, Sodium, K/Na ratio, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), organic C, total N, available K, and available Na in several varieties of sugarcane. The highest concentration of salinity would cause a decrease in levels of Nitrogen, Potassium, K/Na ratio, organic C, total N, and available K. The salinity with concentration 6000 ppm caused all varieties of sugarcane become depressed and began to experience obstacles, besides that could also had a negative influence in levels of Nitrogen, Potassium, K/Na ration, total N, and available K. Salinity with concentration 6000 ppm gave significantly different result on levels of Nitrogen in three varieties of sugarcane namely PS 881, PS JK922, and BL respectively 0.06%; 0.05%; and 0.04%, while the levels of Potassium were 0.42%; 0.29%; and 0.40%. The concentration of salinity 6000 ppm also gave significantly different result on K/Na ratio in three sugarcane varieties namely PS 881, PS JK922, and BL respectively 0.73; 0.47; and 0.72. Salinity with 6000 ppm concentration gave significantly different result on total N in all sugarcane varieties were 0.10%; 0.10%; and 0.10%, while the available K were 0.63 me.100g-1: 0.62 me.100g-1 ; andiv 0.63 me.100g-1.The difference in salinity also gave an influence on the growth parameters of some sugarcane varieties. Salinity with a concentration of 6000 ppm caused a decrease in plant height, number of tillers, stem diameter, and number of leaves in all sugarcane varieties. Salinity with a concentration of 6000 ppm gave significantly different result on the number of tillers (3 BST) in three varieties of sugarcane namely PS 881, PS JK922, and BL respectively 4.00; 6.33; and 4.66. Salinity with a concentration of 6000 ppm also gave significantly different result on stem diameter in three sugarcane varieties were 1.42 cm; 1.51 cm; and 1.86 cm. Based on the result of the research, in general BL varieties was more resistant to salinity with concentration of less than 6000 ppm.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/235/051906978 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.6 Sugar, syrup, starch crop > 633.61 Sugarcane |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2020 05:57 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2021 02:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/172932 |
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