Maghfiroh, - (2018) Eksplorasi Mikoriza Arbuskula (Ma) Pada Tanaman Kopi Di Bawah Tegakan Pinus Dan Mahoni Di Ub Forest. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kopi (Coffee spp) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di Indonesia. Pada umumnya, kopi dibudidayakan secara monokultur dan di bawah pohon penaung sebagai sistem agroforestri, salah satunya yang terdapat di hutan pendidikan dan pelatihan (UB Forest). Pada tanaman naungan kopi yaitu pinus dan mahoni intensitas cahaya yang dihasilkan rendah. Intensitas cahaya yang rendah menyebabkan kelembaban yang dihasilkan tinggi. Tingginya kelembapan pada tanah berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan jamur, salah satunya yaitu Mikoriza Arbuskula (MA). Jumlah spora MA mempunyai keterkaitan yang erat dengan kondisi tanah (dalam hal ini pH dan fosfor (P) tersedia). Eksplorasi MA pada tanaman kopi di bawah tegakan Pinus dan Mahoni di UB Forest ditujukan untuk mengetahui jenis, jumlah spora MA dan mengetahui pengaruh kadar P pada akar tanaman terhadap MA yang ditemukan. Penelitian dilakukan di UB Forest yang terletak di lereng gunung Arjuna (7◦49’300”-7◦51’363” LS dan 112◦34’378”-112◦36’526” BT) yang memiliki curah hujan tahunan 1428 mm dan suhu rata-rata 20◦C. Pada tahap pertama, pengambilan tanah dilakukan pada 6 jenis tegakan yaitu (PK1) pinus > 20 tahun + kopi < 5 tahun, (PK2) pinus > 20 tahun + kopi umur > 5 tahun, (PK3) pinus < 20 tahun + kopi umur > 5 tahun, (PK4) pinus < 20 tahun + kopi umur > 5 tahun, (MK1) mahoni + kopi umur < 5 tahun, (MK2) mahoni > 20 tahun + kopi umur > 5 tahun, ukuran plot (20 m x 20 m) dan 3 sub plot (5 m x 5 m). Sampel tanah di ambil pada 5 titik di dalam setiap sub plot, kemudian dikompositkan. Tahap kedua, pengamatan yang dilakukan di lapangan antara lain Luas Bidang Dasar (LBD), kerapatan tajuk, dan bobot kering serasah. Tahap ketiga, identifikasi dan isolasi spora mikoriza. Tahap keempat, perwarnaan dan perhitungan koloni akar. Tahap kelima, analisis kimia yakni pH (H2O) dan kadar P pada akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tanaman kopi di bawah tegakan Pinus dan Mahoni didapatkan dua jenis spora MA endogenus, yaitu Glomus sp. dan Acaulospora sp. Jumlah spora yang tertinggi pada tegakan pinus > 20 tahun + kopi < 5 tahun sebanyak 51 spora 100 g-1 dan terendah pada tegakan mahoni + kopi umur < 5 tahun sebanyak 11 spora 100 g-1. Pada tegakan pinus rerata jumlah spora sebanyak 93 spora 100 g-1 dan tegakan mahoni sebanyak 68 spora 100 g-1. Pada penelitian ini, faktor lingkungan yang memiliki hubungan kuat dengan jumlah spora yaitu pH sebesar -0,51 sedangkan kerapatan tajuk, bobot kering serasah, dan LBD dengan jumlah spora memiliki hubungan sangat lemah. Koloni akar dan kadar fosfor dengan jumlah spora MA pada tanaman kopi di bawah tegakan pinus dan mahoni di UB Forest memiliki hubungan sangat lemah. .
English Abstract
Coffee (Coffee spp) is one of the leading commodities in Indonesia. In general, Coffee cultivated in monoculture and under a tree as a agroforestri system, which is planted in education and training forest (UB forest). On the tree shade of Coffee i.e. Pine and Mahogany produced low light intensity due to plant Pine and Mahogany has a dense canopy. Low light intensity causes the high humidity. The high humidity in the ground effect on the growth of fungi, one of them named Arbuskula Mycorrhiza (AM). The number of AM spores has a close affinity with the soil conditions (in this case the pH and phosphorus (P) is available). The exploration of AM on the Coffee plant under the stands of Pine and Mahogany in UB forest aimed to know the diversity of types, the number of AM spores and know the effects of P levels on plant roots against AM were found. The research was done in UB forest located in the slopes of Arjuna Mount (7◦49'300"-7◦51'363" LS and 112◦34'378"-112◦36'526" BT) that has an annual rainfall of 1428 mm and an average temperature of 20◦C. In the first stage, soil collection was carried out on 6 types of stands named (PK1) Pine > 20 years + Coffee < 5 years, (PK2) Pine > 20 years + Coffee aged > 5 years, (PK3) Pine < 20 years + Coffee aged > 5 years, (PK4) Pine < 20 years + Coffee age > 5 years, (MK1) Mahogany > 20 years + Coffee age < 5 years, (MK2) Mahogany > 20 years + Coffee aged > 5 years, on each plot (20 m x 20 m), made 3 sub plot (5 m x 5 m). The second stage, the observation made in the field among others: Basic of Vast Fields (BVF), the density of the canopy, and the dry weight of litter. The third stage, the identification and isolation mycorhiza spores. The fourth stage, coulorring and the calculation of root colony. The fifth stage, analyzed by chemical i.e. pH (H2O) and P levels at the root. The results showed that Coffee plants under Pine and Mahogany stands for two types of endogenous AM spores, named Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp. The highest number of spores stands in pine > 20 years + coffee < 5 years was 51 100 g-1 spores and the lowest stands in mahogany > 20 years + coffee age < 5 years were 11 100 g-1 spores. In stands of the Pine average the number of spores is 93 spores 100 g-1 and Mahogany stands as many as 68 spores 100 g-1. In this research, environmental factors that have a strong relation with the number of spores are pH of -0.51 while canopy density, litter dry weight, and WBF with a number of spores have a very weak relation. Root colonies and phosphorus levels with the number of AM spores on coffee plants under pine and mahogany stands at UB Forest have a very weak relation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/850/051811380 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Tanaman kopi |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.7 Alkaloidal crops |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Mar 2019 07:51 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 23:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161858 |
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