Adiyati, NinaMarlina (2015) Residu Antibiotika Pada Produk Ayam Broiler Usia Panen Dari Peternakan Rakyat Di Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap protein hewani menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan produk asal hewan. Dibalik nilai gizi yang dimiliki produk tersebut terdapat berbagai risiko cemaran, salah satunya residu antibiotika. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelusuri keberadaan residu dari obat antibiotika yang diberikan saat budidaya pada produk ayam broiler yang dihasilkan, tingkat keamanan dari produk tersebut serta ada tidaknya hubungan antara dosis obat dan waktu panen terhadap keberadaan residu antibiotika. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui observasi terhadap 3 peternakan rakyat di wilayah Pamijahan Kab. Bogor yang bermitra dengan perusahaan swasta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling lalu diamati penerapan good farming practices (GFP) dan pengambilan sampel produk ayam broiler dilakukan saat penjarangan dan umur panen. Pengujian residu antibiotika menggunakan uji skrining ( bioassay ) dan sampel positif dilanjutkan dengan uji konfirmasi menggunakan KCKT. Analisis pengaruh dosis obat dan waktu panen terhadap keberadaan residu dilakukan menggunakan regresi dummy. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, umumnya para peternak belum sepenuhnya menerapkan GFP dengan baik terutama terkait sanitasi kandang dan lingkungan, aplikasi pengobatan, kepatuhan terhadap waktu henti obat, pencatatan kegiatan produksi dan penanganan pekerja. Dari hasil pengujian, residu antibiotika banyak terdeteksi pada organ hati yaitu 54.17% dari total sampel hati sedangkan pada sampel daging paha hanya 4.17%. Sampel tersebut 57.14% berasal dari ayam yang diambil saat penjarangan. Residu yang terdeteksi yaitu antibiotika golongan makrolida, tetrasiklin dan aminoglikosida. Antibiotika golongan makrolida pada sampel hati terdeteksi berupa senyawa eritromisin dengan kadar antara 0.085-0.702 ppm. Sepuluh dari 11 sampel tersebut memiliki kadar eritromisin diatas BMR yang ditetapkan SNI 01-6366-2000 dan CAC/MRL-2-2012 yaitu 0.1 ppm. Antibiotika golongan tetrasiklin terdeteksi berupa senyawa doksisiklin dengan kadar 0.067 ppm pada daging paha dan 0.085 ppm pada hati. Kadar tersebut masih dibawah BMR dalam SNI dan standar Codex masing-masing 0.1 ppm dan 0.2 ppm. Dari hasil penelusuran, doksisiklin dan eritromisin diduga kuat berasal dari obat Doxerin+ yang diberikan peternak akibat penggunaan dosis yang berlebihan dan tidak dipatuhinya waktu henti obat ( withdrawal time ). Antibiotika golongan aminoglikosida yang terdeteksi dalam hati diduga berasal dari obat selain yang diberikan pihak perusahaan dan bukan berupa senyawa antibiotika kanamisin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produk asal hewan berpotensi tidak aman dari cemaran residu antibiotika. Hasil analisis regresi dummy diperoleh bahwa dosis obat dan waktu panen memberikan kontribusi sebesar 7% terhadap residu eritromisin dan 12,9% terhadap residu doksisiklin. Dosis obat memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keberadaan residu artinya semakin tinggi dosis obat maka kadar residu akan semakin meningkat. Waktu panen memberikan pengaruh namun tidak signifikan terhadap residu eritromisin dan doksisiklin. Kadar residu pada saat umur panen lebih tinggi, hal ini diduga akibat pemberian kembali obat yang mengandung eritromisin menjelang umur panen (diatas umur 31 hari).
English Abstract
public demand was increasing for animal protein caused of increasing animal origin products necessary. Behind nutritional value, products also have contamination risks, re is antibiotic residues. This study was conducted to explore presence of antibiotic residues has given during cultivation in broiler chicken products, safety level of se products as well as relationship between drug dose and harvesting time on presence of antibiotic residues. This research was conducted through observation of three poultry farms in Pamijahan District at Bogor Regency that have partnership with private companies. Sample taken by purposive sampling method, n observed on implementation of good farming practices (GFP) when thinning and harvesting time of chicken products. Antibiotic residues tested by screening tests (bioassays) and positive samples followed by a confirmatory test using HPLC. Analysis of drug dose influence and harvesting time on presence of residues used by regression dummy. Based on observations, generally farmers have not been fully implemented properly of GFP, mainly related to sanitation and environmental enclosures, medical applications, compliance to withdrawal time, production recording activity and worker facilities. test results showed that many antibiotic residues detected in liver that is 54.17% of total sample of heart while in thigh meat samples only 4.17% and 57.14% of samples come from chickens that are taken when thinning. residue detected that are macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides group of antibiotics. Macrolide antibiotics in liver samples is erythromycin with residue level between 0085-0702 ppm. Ten of 11 samples had residue levels of erythromycin above MRL specified in SNI 01-6366-2000 and CAC / MRL-2-2012 is 0.1 ppm, respectively. Doxycycline is one of tetracycline group that detected in liver and thigh meat, residue level is 0.067 ppm in thigh meat and 0.085 ppm in liver. levels are still below MRL in ISO and Codex standards, re are 0.1 ppm and 0.2 ppm respectively. search results revealed doxycycline and erythromycin suspected came from Doxerin+ due to use of excessive doses and non-compliance to withdrawal time. Aminoglycoside group were detected in liver suspected to originate from ano r drug besides those provided by company and its compound was not antibiotic kanamycin. se results indicated that products of animal origin potentially unsafe from antibiotic residues contamination. Dummy regression analysis showed that drug dose and harvesting time was given contributed for 7% on erythromycin residues and 12.9% on doxycycline residues. Drug dosage provided positive impact and a significant on presence of residues, it means higher dose would lead to increased residue. Harvesting time provided effect but not significant on residue erythromycin and doxycycline. high residue in products of broiler harvesting suspected drug administration again that containing erythromycin compound to chickens approaching harvest age (older than 31 days).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/636.5/ADI/r/2015/041505538 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 636 Animal husbandry > 636.5 Chickens and other kinds of domestic birds |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Aug 2015 10:49 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Aug 2015 10:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/159018 |
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