Nurlatifah, Yunita (2018) Peran Seresah dalam Mempertahankan Kandungan Bahan Organik Tanah dan Lengas Tersedia: Studi Kasus Pada Sistem Agroforestri Kopi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Budidaya kopi pada umumnya dilakukan dalam sistem Agroforestri, dengan menanam tanaman lain sebagai penaung. Namun demikian, untuk mendapatkan produksi kopi yang optimal diperlukan pengaturan cahaya yang masuk melalui pemilihan jenis tanaman penaung yang cocok, pengaturan jarak tanam dan pemangkasan cabang pohon penaung dimana hasil pangkasannya dikembalikan ke tanah dalam bentuk mulsa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran seresah pangkasan pohon penaung kopi dalam mempertahankan kandungan bahan organik tanah (BOT) dan lengas tersedia pada lahan kopi umur 1, 3, 6, 25 tahun dan lahan kosong sebagai kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perkebunan kopi di PTPN XII Jember Afdeling Rayap Kebun Renteng, Desa Kemuning Lor, Kecamatan Arjasa Jember. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Maret-Juni 2015, di lima lokasi dengan umur tanaman kopi yang berbeda. Dua jenis tanaman penaung yang ditanam adalah Moghania machropyla yang merupakan penaung sementara untuk menaungi tanaman kopi umur 1, 3 tahun dan lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) merupakan penaung tetap (permanen) untuk menaungi tanaman kopi umur 6 dan 25 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 tahap kegiatan, yaitu (a) pengambilan contoh tanah untuk analisa fisika dan kimia tanah yang meliputi analisa lengas tanah, berat isi tanah, tekstur, C-organik, (b) Pengukuran produksi seresah gugur menggunakan litter trap, (c) analisa fisika dan kimia tanah di laboratorium. Pengambilan contoh tanah dan seresah dilakukan pada plot berukuran 20 m x 20 m. Produksi seresah gugur diukur setiap minggu dengan memasang ‘jaring seresah’ (litter trap) di lorong tanaman kopi. Contoh tanah utuh dan contoh tanah terganggu diambil pada lahan dari setiap umur kopi (umur 1 tahun, 3 tahun, 6 tahun, 25 tahun) dan lahan kontrol (lahan yang tidak ditanami) pada kedalaman 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm dan 40-60 cm sebanyak 4 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan umur kopi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai bahan organik tanah. Namun perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) justru terjadi antar kedalaman tanah (20-40 cm). Secara umum, dilokasi penelitian, rerata bahan organik tanah tergolong rendah dengan nilai rata-rata berkisar antara 1,3%-1,8%. Nilai tertinggi ada di plot umur kopi 1 tahun di kedalaman 0-20 cm dengan nilai 1,08% dan nilai terendah 0,79% di lahan kosong di kedalaman 20-40 cm. Kandungan bahan organik tanah tertinggi yang ada di kedalaman 0-20 cm dipengaruhi oleh proses dekomposisi yang memang terjadi di lapisan atas. Perbedaan umur kopi juga tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai lengas tersedia. Kandungan lengas tersedia tertinggi terletak pada U1 dengan nilai 16,42 %, sedangkan nilai terendah terletak pada lahan lahan kosong (K) dengan nilai 9,22 %. Hasil ini sejalan dengan hasil rerata bahan organik tanah di lima lokasi yang sama. Semakin tinggi kandungan bahan organik tanah, maka semakin tinggi pula kandungan lengas tersedia yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,75. Semakin tinggi umur tanaman pada sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi tidak selalu diikuti dengan semakin tingginya nilai kerapatan tanaman dan produksi seresah yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi seresah yang dihasilkan, nilai bahan organik tanah dan lengas tersedia justru semakin berkurang yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai R2 masing-masing 0,02 dan 0,2. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan kualitas seresah antara produksi seresah yang tinggi dan produksi seresah yang rendah sehingga akan mempengaruhi lama dekomposisi seresah dan pada akhirnya juga akan berpengaruh pada kandungan bahan organik tanah dan lengas tersedia
English Abstract
Coffee is generally planted in form of Agroforestry systems, by planting other crops which is functioned as shade tree. However, planting with agroforestry system for coffee cultivation need such management to adjust an appropriate light for optimal coffee yield. Shade tree selection becomes an important key as well as management of spacing and pruning branch. The usage of biomass from pruning process as form of soil mulch is expected increase soil quality in the agroforestry base coffee. This research was aimed to study the role of litter resulted from biomass pruned from shade trees of coffee plantation in maintaining soil organic matter and available water content in some coffee plantation with different age (1, 3, 6, 25 years old of coffee). Vacant land was used as control treatment to compare the different of measured parameters. This research was conducted in coffee plantation at PTPN XII Jember Afdeling Rayap Renteng Garden, Kemuning Lor Village, Arjasa District Jember. The study was conducted in March-June 2015. Two types of shade plants are Moghania machropyla which was functioned as temporary shade in 1 and 3 years of the coffee plant. Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) is a permanent shade to shade coffee plants aged 6 and 25 years. The research was conducted in three stages of activities, including (a) soil sampling for soil physics and soil analysis including soil moisture, soil bulk density, texture, organic C, (b) measurement of litter fall production using litter trap, c) physical and chemical analysis of the soil in the laboratory. Sampling of soil and litter was extracted from each plot with 20 m x 20 m of size. The production of litter fall was measured every week by installing Litter Trap in the coffee plant aisles. Soil samples were taken on the land of each coffee age (1 year, 3 years, 6 years, 25 years) and control field at 0 - 20 cm, 20 - 40 cm and 40 - 60 cm depths with 4 times replications. The results showed that the difference in coffee age did not significantly affect the value of soil organic matter. However, the real difference (P <0.05) actually occurred between soil depths (20-40 cm). Generally, in the research location, the average of soil organic matter is low with average value ranging from 1.3% -1.8%. The highest score is in the plot of coffee age of 1 year at a depth of 0-20 cm with a value of 1.08% and the lowest value of 0.79% in vacant land at a depth of 20-40 cm. The highest content of soil organic matter that is in the depth of 0-20 cm is influenced by the decomposition process that does occur in the upper layer. The difference in coffee age also has no significant effect on available moisture values. The highest available moisture content is located at U1 with a value of 16.42%, while the lowest value lies on vacant land (K) with a value of 9.22%. This result is in line with the average yield of soil organic matter in the same five locations. The higher the organic matter content of the soil, the higher the available moisture content is shown by the value of R2 of 0.75. The higher plant age in coffee-based agroforestry systems is not always followed by the higher values of plant density and the production of litter produced. The higher the resulting litter, the value of soil organic matter and soil water content is decreasing as shown by R2 values of 0.02 and 0.2 respectively. This is influenced by the difference of litter quality between high litter production and low litter production that will affect the duration of litter decomposition and will also affect the soil organic matter and soil water content.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/66/051802152 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.7 Alkaloidal crops > 633.73 Coffee |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 21 May 2018 06:43 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 02:16 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10757 |
Preview |
Text
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Download (220kB) | Preview |
Preview |
Text
BAB V.pdf Download (84kB) | Preview |
Preview |
Text
BAB III.pdf Download (359kB) | Preview |
Preview |
Text
BAB IV.pdf Download (390kB) | Preview |
Preview |
Text
BAB I.pdf Download (239kB) | Preview |
Preview |
Text
BAB II.pdf Download (254kB) | Preview |
Preview |
Text
COVER-DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.pdf Download (309kB) | Preview |
Preview |
Text
LAMPIRAN.pdf Download (625kB) | Preview |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |