Sriwaningsih, EndangRusdiana (2011) Aplikasi Asam Propionat untuk Pengawet Jagung pada Berbagai Rantai Pasok Industri Pakan Ternak serta Perkiraan Kelayakan Teknis dan Finansial pada Skala Industri Kecil. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung ( Zea mays ) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman pangan yang strategis di Indonesia karena kedudukanya di samping sebagai sumber utama karbohidrat dan protein juga merupakan bahan baku utama industri. Pemanfaatan jagung meliputi untuk konsumsi, bahan baku industri pangan, industri pakan, dan bahan bakar. Di Indonesia dan negara-negara penghasil jagung lainnya memiliki permasalahan dalam pengolahan pascapanen karena jagung mudah terkontaminasi oleh jamur, yang dapat menghasilkan metabolit sekunder berupa aflatoksin. Sepanjang rantai pasok jagung dari petani sampai pabrik pakan ternak masih memungkinkan terjadi perubahan kualitas jagung. Hasil penelitian terdahulu diperoleh bahwa kandungan aflatoksin jagung semakin meningkat dari petani, pedagang pengumpul (tengkulak), pedagang besar dan pabrik pakan ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian asam propionat terhadap pertumbuhan jamur pada jagung, dan mengetahui pada titik pasok mana dosis berapa penambahan asam propionat efektip menghambat pertumbuhan jamur pada jagung. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak tersarang dengan 2 faktor, yaitu titik pasok dalam 3 level (petani, tengkulak, pedagang besar), dan dosis penambahan asam propionat dalam 4 level (0%, 0,2%, 0,3%, 0,4%). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar air, susut berat, kotoran, biji pecah dan rusak, biji berjamur dan kadar aflatoksin. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan analisa ragam dan jika terdapat pengaruh perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak Duncan. Perlakuan terbaik dipilih dengan methode Index efektifitas, dan kemudian dilakukan percobaan skala ganda untuk mengetahui rendemen proses. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa titik pasok berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar air, susut berat, biji pecah – rusak, kadar kotoran, biji berjamur dan kadar aflatoksin. Jagung yang dipipil dengan mesin tanpa penjemuran dahulu akan menghasilkan biji pecah dan kotoran paling besar. Jagung yang banyak biji pecah akan didapatkan jamur lebih banyak begitu juga kadar aflatoksin. Perlakuan penambahan asam propionat pengaruhnya sangat nyata terhadap susut berat, biji berjamur dan kadar aflatoksin. Makin tinggi konsentrasi asam propionat makin kecil susut berat, biji berjamur dan kadar aflatoksin. Adapun kombinasi perlakuan terbaik adalah pada perlakuan titik pasok tengkulak dengan penambahan asam propionat 0,2%. Hasil percobaan skala ganda diperoleh rendemen jagung kering 58,12%, dan produk samping berupa tongkol dan tumpi 25,5%. Hasil analisa teknis mendirikan unit usaha pengolahan jagung dengan kapasitas 3 051 ton/tahun, di Kecamatan Kabuh, Kabupaten Jombang layak secara teknis karena didukung oleh ketersedianya pasar di dua pabrik pakan ternak dengan kebutuhan jagung 156.000 ton/tahun dan ketersediaan bahan baku jagung disekitar lokasi sebesar 73.000 ton/tahun. Sedangkan berdasarkan kriteria finansial diperoleh angka BEP = 76,2% dari kapasitas operasi, NPV Rp. 2.244.705.175,-, B/C=1,05 dan IRR = 66,63%.
English Abstract
Corn ( Zea mays ) is one of most importance crop for Indonesian because of its advantage as a main source of carbohydrate and protein, and as a raw material of industry. Corn is also useful for consumption, food industry raw material, feed industry, and fuel. Indonesia and o r corn producer countries have long ago been perplexed by problem of post-harvest processing because corn seems easily contaminated by fungus, which leads to secondary metabolite, called aflatoxin. corn quality may change during its transfer in corn supply change from farmer to fodder factory. Research result, determine that aflatoxin content of corn is accumulated during its transfer by farmer, collector, wholesaler, and fodder factory. objective of research is to find out effect of propionate acid treatment on fungus growth on corn, and to acknowledge supply point where dose of propionate acid treatment is effective to prevent fungus growth on corn. Research design is Nested Random Design, Two factors are included. First is supply point in three levels (farmer, collector, wholesaler), and second is propionate acid treatment in four levels (0 %, 0,2 %, 0,3 %, 0,4 %). observation is given on moisture content, weight loss, dirt, broken and damaged seed, molded seed, and aflatoxin rate. Data are processed in analysis of variance. If effect is found, Duncan span test is conducted. best treatment is determined by Effectiveness Index Method. Double Scale Experiment is employed to understand process rendement. Result of research indicates that supply point has very obvious effect on moisture content, weight loss, broken-damaged seed, dirt, molded seed, and aflatoxin rate. corn which is milled by machine without previous drying will result in broken seed and greatest dirt. corn with many broken seed has greater aflatoxin. Propionate acid treatment has very obvious effect on moisture content, weight loss, molded seed, and aflatoxin content. higher propionate acid concentration is causing smaller possibility of weight loss, molded seed, and aflatoxin. best combination of treatment is on collector supply point and 0,2 % propionate acid treatment. Result of double scale treatment shows 58,12 % dry corn rendement and 25,5 % byproducts such as corn knob and head. Result of technical analysis shows that corn processing unit with 3.051 tons/year capacity, established in Kabuh Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, is technically feasibility, because it is supported by presence of immediate market that is two feed factories with 156,000 tons/year and supply of corn material around unit for 73,000 tons/year. Based on financial criteria, BEP rate = 76,2 % of operation capacity, NPV is Rp. 2.244.705.175.-, and B/C = 1.05 and IRR = 66,63 %.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/664.76/SRI/a/041104882 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 664 Food technology > 664.7 Grains, other seeds, their derived products |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Dec 2011 10:39 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Dec 2011 10:39 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/160138 |
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