Dinamika Pembangunan Infrastruktur Di Wilayah Kepulauan Sumenep Madura

Rahayuningsih, Eni Sri (2014) Dinamika Pembangunan Infrastruktur Di Wilayah Kepulauan Sumenep Madura. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap fenomena lingkaran keterbatasan infrastruktur di Kepulauan Sumenep Madura yang disebabkan masalah lokasi yang terpencil dan moral hazard stakeholder (pemerintah, swasta, dan masyarakat). Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan mengungkap peran kearifan lokal masyarakat di kepulauan terpencil dalam memenuhi kebutuhan infrastruktur yang selama ini tidak dapat disediakan oleh pemerintah dan swasta. Secara teoris hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya dan melengkapi khasanah ilmu pengetahuan di bidang pembangunan ekonomi terutama terkait dengan teori moral dan pilihan rasional, teori keagenan, dan teori ekonomi kelembagaan aspek modal sosial dan tindakan kolektif, sehingga bermanfaat bagi para akademisi dan praktisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik triangulasi. Peneliti terlibat langsung dalam fenomena yang diteliti, sehingga diperoleh informasi yang sesuai dengan keunikan obyek yang diteliti, dengan kebenaran makna sesuai dengan intrepretasi dan pemahaman para pelakunya (emic). Informan awal dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling dan selanjutnya snow ball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika pembangunan infrastruktur di Kepulauan Sumenep diwarnai oleh fenomena lingkaran keterbatasan infrastruktur yang disebabkan oleh masalah lokasi yang terpencil dan moral hazard stakeholder (pemerintah, swasta, dan masyarakat). Sesuai teori keagenan, semua stakeholder ketika berperan sebagai agent cenderung melakukan moral hazard. Kedua masalah tersebut telah menyebabkan pemerintah dan swasta tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik, sehingga semua kebijakan pembangunan infrastruktur yang telah diterapkan pemerintah tidak dapat menjangkau wilayah kepulauan yang terpencil. Sesuai dengan teori modal sosial, ketika pemerintah dan swasta tidak dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan baik, maka masyarakat di kepulauan terpencil terdorong untuk memanfaatkan modal sosial (kearifan lokal) yang mereka miliki untuk memfasilitasi tindakan kolektif gotong royong, dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan infrastruktur yang selama ini tidak dapat disediakan oleh pemerintah dan swasta. Modal sosial masyarakat Kepulauan Sumenep bersumber dari norma Agama (Islam) dan norma budaya (Suku Bugis dan Madura). Dengan demikian, direkomendasikan kepada pemerintah agar melaksanakan pembangunan infrastruktur di kepulauan terpencil secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan, dengan komitmen moral yang kuat. Selain itu, pemerintah juga direkomendasikan untuk memfasilitasi tindakan kolektif gotong royong masyarakat pada penyediaan infrastruktur yang tidak dapat disediakan oleh pemerintah.

English Abstract

The purpose of this research is to uncover the lack of infrastructure phenomenon that is caused by remote location problem and moral hazard of the stakeholders (government, private and society) at islands of Sumenep Madura. This research will also reveal the role of local wisdom of society in order to fulfill the need for infrastructure that is not provided by government and private sector. Theoretically, the result of this study is hopefully could enrich and complete the knowledge on economic development field especially related to theory of moral and rational choices, theory of agent, theory of social capital and collective action under institutional economic theory. Hence, it will bring benefit for both, academically and practically. This research using qualitative and triangulation technique. The researcher involves directly on the studied phenomenon. By doing so, the researcher could get information that is well suited with the unique of the object of the research. As well as approaching the true of the meaning according to the interpretation and understanding of the actors (emic). In addition, the early respondents are chosen by using purposive sampling technique and the rest of the respondents are chosen by using sow ball sampling technique. Result of this study shows that the dynamic of the infrastructure development at Sumenep islands is influenced by the lack of infrastructure phenomenon. The phenomenon is caused by remote location problem and moral hazard of the stakeholders (government, private and society). In addition, first, based on agent theory, all stakeholders while acts as an agent tends to conclude moral hazard. Second, those problems have been causing both, government and private sector, not be able to functioning well. Hence, all of the policy on infrastructure development that has been decided by government is unable to reach the remote islands. Furthermore, according to social capital theory, when government and private sector failed to fulfill their functions, society on the islands will be pushed to use their social capital (local wisdom) to facilitate the act of “gotong-royong”(mutual assistance) in order to fulfill the need for infrastructure. This social capital is sourced from religion norm (Islam) and cultural norm (Bugis and Maduranise tribe). Based on the findings, it is recommended to government to conduct infrastructure development in the remote islands of Sumenep that is sustainable and integrated with strong moral commitment. Also, government should facilitate the act of “gotong-royong” (mutual assistance) of society for providing infrastructure that is not provided by government.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctor)
Identification Number:	DIS/338.9/RAH/d/2014/061802414
Uncontrolled Keywords:	INFRASTRUCTURE (economics), CITY PLANNING, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, INDONESIA - SUMENEP
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	20 Apr 2018 06:56
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2021 06:49
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/9670

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