Prahardian, Karin Wahyu (2018) Keragaman Genetik Dan Heritabilitas Pada Berbagai Komponen Hasil Dan Hasil Tanaman Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) Generasi Ke-4 (Ct4). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) merupakan tanaman dari famili Euphorbiaceae yang dapat ditemukan di berbagai daerah tropikal dan semi-tropikal di belahan dunia. Jarak kepyar merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati dalam jumlah yang besar karena mampu menghasilkan 40%-60% minyak dalam biji yang 80%-90% komposisinya merupakan asam ricinoleic (asam lemak yang unik untuk membuat berbagai polimer kimia), dan sangat berpotensi dengan hasil produksi yang mampu mencapai 500-1000 liter minyak/hektar. Penelitian ini diperlukan untuk memperoleh nilai karakter keragaman genetic dan heritabilitas 25 aksesi tanaman jarak kepyar generasi ke-4 (CT4) perlakuan kolkisin. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2017 hingga bulan September 2017 bertempat di Jalan Sasando, Kepuharjo, Kota Malang. Keadaan geografis lahan penelitian terletak pada ketinggian 491 mdpl, suhu berkisar antara 28-35° C. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: seperangkat alat ukur, seperangkat alat budidaya, alat tulis, kamera, timbangan analitik, papan penelitian. Bahan yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah pupuk kompos, pupuk NPK, pupuk SP36, dan bahan tanam berupa biji dari 25 genotip potensial tanaman jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) CT4 yang masing-masing genotip terdapat dengan dua ulangan. Dalam satu ulangan setiap genotip potensial ditanam sebanyak 8 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 5 tanaman sampel yang telah ditentukan. Penanaman dilakukan dengan jarak 90 cm x 50 cm. Variabel pengamatan berupa tinggi tanaman, panjang dan lebar leaf blade, panjang tangkai daun, waktu berbunga, panjang tandan utama, panjang kapsul, panjang tangkai buah, jumlah tandan per tanaman, jumlah buah tandan utama, jumlah biji per buah, jumlah biji tandan utama, bobot kering biji pada tandan utama, bobot kering biji per tanaman, panjang, lebar, dan ketebalan biji, umur panen, hasil per plot. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan komponen varian yang selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan varian lingkungan, varian genetik, dan varian fenotip yang nantinya akan didapatkan nilai heritabilitas. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan nilai keragaman genetik. Perhitungan nilai keragaman genetik dilakukan berdasarkan metode Anderson & Bancroft (1952). Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan nilai keragaman genetik luas apabila nilai ragam genetiknya lebih besar dari dua kali nilai simpangan bakunya, terdapat pada karakter tinggi tanaman, lebar leaf blade, panjang tangkai daun, panjang kapsul, jumlah buah tandan utama, jumlah biji tandan utama, bobot kering biji per tanaman, dan umur panen. Nilai keragaman genetik yang sempit dapat dilihat pada karakter panjang leaf blade, waktu berbunga, panjang tangkai buah, jumlah tandan per tanaman, jumlah biji per buah, bobot kering biji tandan utama, panjang biji, lebar biji, ketebalan biji, dan hasil per plot. Selain menduga nilai keragaman genetik, penelitian ini juga menduga nilai heritabilitas yang dikelaskan sebagai berikut rendah = h2 < 0.2; sedang = 0.2 < h2 ≤ 0.5; tinggi = h2 > 0.5. Karakter xiv tanaman jarak kepyar memiliki heritabilitas rendah, yaitu karakter panjang leaf blade, jumlah biji per buah, dan ketebalan biji. Karakter tanaman jarak kepyar yang memiliki heritabilitas sedang yaitu lebar leaf blade, panjang tangkai daun, waktu berbunga, panjang kapsul, panjang tangkai buah, jumlah tandan per tanaman, bobot kering biji tandan utama, panjang biji, lebar biji, dan hasil per plot. Sedangkan karakter yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah buah tandan utama, jumlah biji tandan utama, bobot kering biji per tanaman, dan umur panen.
English Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant of Euphorbiaceae family that can be found in various tropical and semi-tropical regions in the world. Castor is an oil-producing plant because it can produce 40% -60% of oil in the seeds and contains 80% -90% ricinoleic acid (a unique fatty acid to make various chemical polymers), and very potential with the production yield which can reach 500-1000 liters of oil / hectare. This research is needed to obtain the genetic diversity and heritability characteristic of the 4th generation plant access (CT4) treatment of colchicine. The research was conducted in April 2017 until September 2017 at Jalan Sasando, Kepuharjo, Malang. The geographical condition of the research field lies at 491 mdpl, the temperature ranges from 28-35 ° C. The tools used in this study include: a set of measuring tools, a set of cultivation tools, stationery, cameras, analytical scales, research boards. The materials used for the research were compost fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, SP36 fertilizer, and planting material seeds from 25 genotypes of potential castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) which each genotype contained two replications. In one replication each potential genotype was planted as many as 8 plants. Observations were made on 5 specified sample plants. The spacing of the plant are 90 cm x 50 cm. Observation variables were plant height, length and width of leaf blade, leaf length, flowering time, length of primary raceme, capsule length, fruit stalk length, number of racemes per plant, number of main bunches, number of seeds per fruit, number of primary raceme, dry weight of seed on primary raceme, dry weight of seed per plant, length, width, and seed thickness, harvest age, yield per plot. Data analysis is using variant component which then analysed to get the value of environmental variant, genetic variant, and phenotype variant which will get the heritability value. Furthermore, after get the value of genetic variant then analyzing the value of genetic variability using the method of Anderson & Bancroft (1952). The result of this study were obtained that the wide genetic variability if the value of genetic variant is greater than twice of the standard deviation value, it is found in the plant height character, the width of leaf blade, the length of the petiole, the length of the capsule, the number of primary raceme, the number primary raceme seeds, weight of dried seeds per plant, and harvest age. The narrow genetic diversity values can be seen in length of leaf blade, flowering time, fruit stalk length, number of racemes per plant, number of seeds per fruit, dry weight of primary raceme seed, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, and yield per plot. In addition to estimating the value of genetic diversity, the study also estimated the heritability values described as: low = h2 <0.2; medium = 0.2 <h2 ≤ 0.5; high = h2> 0.5. The character of the castor plant has a low heritability are length of leaf blade, the number of seeds per fruit, and the thickness of the seed. Character which has medium heritability that is the width of leaf blade, length of petiole, flowering xii time, capsule length, fruit stalk length, number of racemes per plant, dry weight of primary raceme seed, seed length, seed width, and yield per plot. While the character that has a high heritability value are the height of the plant, the number of fruit on primary raceme, the number of primary raceme seeds, the dry weight of seeds per plant, and the age of harvest.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/1052/051801809 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.85 Plants producing nonvolatile oils |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Apr 2018 08:19 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Oct 2020 10:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/9234 |
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