Sari, Nita Dia Permata (2017) Evaluasi Keragaman Dan Potensi Galur Kecipir (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus L.) Lokal Hasil Koleksi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) ialah tanaman tropis yang tinggi akan manfaat dan potensi. Hampir seluruh bagian tanaman kecipir seperti daun, bunga, polong dan umbi dapat dimanfaatkan terutama sebagai sumber makanan dan obat-obatan (Handayani et al., 2013), kecipir juga memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 33,83% dan hampir sepadan dengan kedelai yang menunjukkan bahwa dapat sebagai bahan substitusi kedelai (Khan, 1978). Serta mampu meningkatkan kesuburan tanah karena memiliki kemampuan mengikat nitrogen bebas dari udara (Sinha, 2014). Permasalahan pengembangan kecipir di Indonesia ialah budidaya di masyarakat rendah, dikarenakan preferensi konsumen dan petani rendah (dikarenakan rasa, umur berbunga panjang dan fruit set rendah). Padahal Indonesia merupakan salah satu pusat keragaman kecipir dunia. Indonesia sebagai pusat keragaman kecipir mengindikasikan variasi dan potensi kecipir cukup besar untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan mengevaluasi potensi kecipir lokal hasil koleksi di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia yang diduga mempunyai potensi besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengevaluasi keragaman dan mengetahui potensi galur kecipir lokal hasil koleksi dari beberapa provinsi di Indonesia. Sedangkan hipotesis yang diajukan ialah diduga terdapat keseragaman dalam dan keragaman antar galur kecipir lokal serta diduga terdapat galur kecipipr yang memiliki potensi terbesar untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan Di Agro Techno Park Universitas Brawijaya Desa Jatikerto, Kec. Kromengan Kab. Malang pada bulan Februari sampai Agustus 2017. Alat yang digunakan antara lain alat penunjang pertanian, papan label, tali rafia, deskriptor tanaman (IPBGR (1979) dan NBPGR (1984)), meterang jahit, timbangan analitik, kamera digital dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan ialah 31 galur kecipir antara lain 12 galur dari Kab. Malang, 5 galur dari Kab. Nganjuk,5 galur dari Kab. Jember, 3 galur dari Kab. Brebes, 2 galur dari Kab. Lombok Utara, 2 galur dari Kab. Kandang Limun Bengkulu, 1 galur dari Kab. Luwu Timur Sulsel, dan galur kecipir UB sebagai pembanding. Serta pupuk kompos, humus, NPK, SP36, KCl, pestisida BA Klopirifros 200 EC, fungisida dan furadan. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan petak tunggal dengan pengamatan dilakukan pada setiap individu tanaman. Setiap galur kecipir lokal ditanam 5 benih, sedangkan galur UB ditanam 20 benih. Sehingga total tanaman ialah 170. Karakter yang diamati terdiri dari karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati antara lain umur mulai berbunga (HST), umur mulai panen (HST), jumlah bunga per buku, jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat per polong (g), fruit set (%), panjang polong (cm), lebar polong (cm) dan jumlah biji per polong. Sedangkan karakter kualitatif antara lain warna mahkota bunga, warna kelopak bunga, bentuk polong, bintik polong, tekstur permukaan polong dan rasa polong (rebus). Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan perhitungan nilai KK (Koefisien Keragaman) dan heritabilitas, sedangkan untuk data kualitatif dianalisis secara desktiptif. Hasil perhitungan nilai KK dalam masing-masing galur, diketahui bahwa terdapat 16 galur seragam, 4 galur cukup beragam dan 1 galur beragam. Hasil perhitungan KK antar galur, diketahui bahwa keragaman antar galur kecipir lokal berupa sedang pada karakter jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat per polong, fruit set dan panjang polong, sedangkan pada karakter kualitatif keragaman ditemukan pada seluruh karakter pengamatan. Dari karakter kuantitatif juga ditentukan nilai heritabilitasnya. Hasil perhitungan diketahui bahwa karakter jumlah bunga per buku, berat per polong, panjang polong dan lebar polong memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi (0,79 , 0,77 , 0,93 dan 0,78). Nilai heritabilitas tinggi menunjukkan bahwa faktor genetik memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar dibanding faktor lingkungan. Hasil penentuan potensi galur kecipir lokal, diketahui bahwa terdapat 5 Galur yang memiliki karakter unggul untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Galur-galur tersebut ialah NSM-2 dengan karakter unggul yaitu jumlah polong per tanaman (73 polong), fruit set (23,52%), polong tetap lunak dan panjang polong (37,81 cm), galur PLB-1 dengan karakter unggul yaitu umur mulai berbunga dan panen genjah (62 dan 93 HST), jumlah polong (78 polong per tanaman) dan fruit set (21,01%), galur PTL-2 dengan karakter unggul yaitu umur mulai berbunga dan panen genjah (62 dan 92 HST), polong tetap luak dan panjang polong (31,01 cm), galur MNN-1 dengan karakter unggul yaitu umur mulai berbunga dan panen pendek (67 dan 93 HST) dan jumlah polong per tanaman (54 polong) dan galur SWM-1 dengan karakter unggul yaitu jumlah polong per tanaman (51 polong) dan fruit set (20,12%).
English Abstract
Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) is tropical plant that has many benefits and potency. Whereas almost of all plant parts such as leaves, flowers, pods and tubers can be utilized as food resources and medicine (Handayani et al., 2013). Winged bean also has protein content as 33,83% and have almost same with soybean, it is show that use as soybean subtitution materials (Khan, 1978). And winged bean can to improve of soil fertility because that has ability to bind free nitrogen from the air (Sinha, 2014). The main problems in development of winged bean in Indonesia is hardly empowered by the community is low, it is because the consumer and farmers preferences is low (it is because related to taste, age started flowering and fruit set is low). Whereas almost of all plant parts can utilized as food resources and Indonesia included of winged bean diversity center with large variation and potency to development agree with consumer and farmers preferences. Whereas there are a large diversity of winged bean in Indonesia. The great diversity of winged bean indicates a large variety and potency, which will be beneficial for the development through plant breeding. One of the activity is by evaluate the potency of local winged bean in several provinces in Indonesia suspected of have great potential. The purpose of this research is to variability evaluate of winged bean local line and determine the potential line of local winged bean from several provinces in Indonesia. While the hypothesis is there are uniformity and variability in winged beans local line dan there are winged beans local line that have the greatest potential to be futher developed. The research has conducted in Agro Techno Park Brawijaya University Jatikerto village, Kromengan Malang from February until August 2017. Tools used include agriculture supporting tools, label board, raffia, plant descriptors (IPBGR and NBPGR), ruler, an analytical scales, cameras and stationery. Materials used include 31 local lines of winged bean, there are 12 lines from Malang, 5 lines from Nganjuk, 5 lines from Jember, 3 lines from Brebes, 2 lines from North Lombok NTB, 2 lines from Kandang Limun Bengkulu, 1 line from Luwu Timur South Sulawesi, and UB line as a comparison. As well as compost manure, humus NPK fertilizer, SP36 fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, pesticide Klopirifros 200 EC, fungicide and furadan. The research method uses a single plot without replication. Each lines has to planted 5 seed each local line and 20 plants for UB line. And the total is 170 plants. The characters were are abserved divide to quantitative and qualitative characters. The quantitative characters were observed age started flowering (DAP), age began harvest (DAP), number of flowers per axillary, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of pod per plant (g), fruit set (%), pod length (cm), pod width (cm), number of seeds per pod. Whereas qualitative characters such as corolla color, calyx color, pod shape, presence of pod specks, pod surface texture and taste of green pods (boiled). Quantitave data analysis by calculation of CV (Coefficient Variability) and heritbility value, meanwhile for qualitative data analyze by descriptive analysis. The result of calculated CV within each lines, it is known that there are 16 unifromity lines, 4 rather variaton lines and 1 variation line. While the result of calculated CV between lines, it is known that CV between line is included mediumlow category. The characters has medium category of CV are number of flowers per planr, number of pods per plant, weight of pod per plant, fruit set and pod lenght, while the variation in qualitative characters find observed characters of them. From quantitative characters also determine of heritability value. From the result, there are known that characters of number of flowers per plant, weight of pod per plant, pod lenght and pod width have category heritability high (0,79 , 0,77 , 0,93 and 0,78). The high heritability show that genetic factor have influence more than environments factor. The result determine of potential winged bean local lines, there are known that 5 lines have superior characters to futher development. The lines are NSM-2 line with superior characters are the number of pods per plant (73 pods), fruit set (23,52%), the pod still soft and pod lenght (37,81 cm), PLB-1 line with superior characters age started flowering and harvest shortest (62 dan 93 HST), the number pods per plant (78 pods) and fruit set (21,01%), PTL-2 line with superior characters are age started flowering and harvest short(62 dan 92 HST), pod still soft and pod lenght (31,01 cm), galur MNN-1 line with superior characters are age started flowering and harvest shortest (67 dan 93 HST) and the number pods per plant (54 pods) and SWM-1 line with superior characters are the number pods per plant (51 pods) and fruit set (20,12%).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/1025/051800401 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.65 Garden legumes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jan 2018 07:39 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Oct 2020 07:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/8599 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |