Atho’illah, Ibnu (2017) Kualitas Tanah Di Agroforestri Kopi Pascaerupsi Gunung Kelud: Penggalian Pengetahuan Ekologi Lokal. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Gunung Kelud merupakan salah satu gunung api aktif di Indonesia, yang berada di wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Kediri, Kabupaten Malang, dan Kabupaten Blitar, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Erupsi Gunung Kelud 2014 mengeluarkan matreal vulkanik yang menyebabkan perubahan sifat tanah secara biologi, fisik, dan kimia. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan turunya produksi tanaman. Petani mempunyai cara tersendiri dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yang di dapatkan dari nenek moyang secara turun-temurun, seperti pencangkulan dan pemberian pupuk kandang. Cara tersebut kurang efektif karena terbatasnya sumber pupuk kandang dan mahalnya tenaga kerja. Untuk itu perlu adanya diagnosis kualitas tanah yang spesifik lokal mencakup gejala, indikator dan cara mengatasi permasalahan berdasarkan pengetahuan ekologi lokal petani yang dikombinasikan dengan pengetahuan ilmiah diharapkan mampu menutup kekurangan dari masing-masing teknik. Penelitian dilakukan di daerah Ngantang (+abu) dan Krisik (-abu), penggalian data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap 42 petani pemilik lahan. Pengamatan sifat fisik, kimia, biologi tanah dilakukan dengan pengambilan contoh di kedalaman 0-10 cm,; 10-20 cm,; dan 20-30 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa petani di daerah (+abu) dan (-abu) mengetahui kualitas tanah dengan istilah “tanah subur“ yang ditunjukan oleh adanya cacing tanah, hasil panen, kegemburan tanah, tidak adanya batu/krikil/pasir, dan warna tanah. Jenis cacing yang ditemukan epigeik dan endogeik yang berperan dalam menjaga kesuburan tanah. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran di lapangan, diketahui bahwa berat isi (BI) tanah rata-rata 0,91 g cm-3 . Berdasarkan informasi petani di lapangan, produktivitas tanaman kopi di daerah (+abu) termasuk tinggi yaitu 3,5 – 4,7 Mg ha-1 th -1, sedangkan di daerah (-abu) termasuk rendah yaitu 1 – 2 Mg ha-1 th -1. hasil pengukuran tekstur tanah dari semua SPL baik di daerah (+abu) maupun daerah (-abu) masuk dalam kategori lempung sampai lempung berpasir dan masih masuk dalam kategori cukup subur. Pengamatan menggunakan Munsell Soil Color Chart, warna tanah di daerah (+ abu) dan (- abu) memiliki rentang warna 10 YR 6/1 – 10 YR 2/1 ( abu-abu hingga hitam) Dampak erupsi Gunung Kelud menurut petani ada 5 yaitu: Menyuburkan dalam jangka panjang, Banjir, Tanaman Rusak, Tanaman mati, Tanah padat, Tanah Panas. Upaya perbaikan oleh petani a) Membersihkan pasir disekitar tanaman, b) Pasir dicampur dengan tanah, c) Penyulaman pada tanaman yang mati, d) Dibiarkan pada lahan miring. Upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh petani cukup efektif untuk mengatasi masalah kerusakan tanah pascaerupsi Gunung Kelud dengan melihat Indikator keberhasilan Teknik Konservasi yaitu: hasil panen dan tanaman tumbuh normal.
English Abstract
The Mount Kelud is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is located on limit area among Kediri, Malang and Blitar, Regency, East Java Province. The eruption of Mount Kelud in 2014 blow up material volcanic which is change the soil nature as biological physical, and chemical. This condition makes the production of plants going to decrease. The farmers have their own way in solving these problems got from the ancentors of the deceased, such as hoeing and the giving of manure. On another hand, that way is less effective because the limit of source manure and expensive of labor. So that is why, it needs the diagnosis of specific soil quality include local symptoms, indicator and how to resolve the problem based on the ecological knowledge of the local farmers who combined with scientific knowledge in hoping can fulfill the weaknesses of each other. The research was conducted in area of Ngantang (+ volcanic ash) and Krisik (- volcanic ash), datamining was done by conduct the interview with 42 farmers land owners. Observations of the nature of the physical, chemical, biological sampling is performed with the soil in depth 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm; and 20-30 cm. The research results showed that farmers in the region (+volcanic ash) and (-volcanic ash) knowing the quality of the soil namely “fertile land” which is showed of the presence of earthworm, the crops, the soil, less of stone/gravel/sand, and soil color. The types of worm are found epigeic and endogeic which are have role to keep the soil fertility. Based on the result of the measurements in the field, it was known that the weight of the contents land average 0.91 g cm-3. Based on the information of the farmers in the field, the productivity of coffee plant in the area (+volcanic ash) including high i.e. 3.5 – 4.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1, whereas in the regions (-volcanic ash) including low is 1 - 2 Mg ha-1 yr-1. the results measurements of soil texture from all the region LUS (+volcanic ash) or region (-volcanic ash) included in the category of loam until clay sandy loam and still included on the category quite fertile. The observation using the Muncell Soil Color Charts, color of the soil in the area (+ volcanic ash) and (-volcanic ash) has a range of colors 10YR 6/1 – 10YR 2/1 (gray to black). The impact of the eruption of Mount Kelud, according to farmers there are 5: Fertilize in the long term, floods, crops damaged, dead plants, soil ground, ground head. The repair effort by farmers: a) clean the sand around the plant, b) sand mixed with soil, c) stitching in on the dead plants, d) left on the sloping land. The efforts that have been made by farmers is quite effective to solve the problems of soil broke after Mount Kelud volcanic eruptions by looking at indicators of success of the conservation techniques such as the result of the harvest and plant was grew normal.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/995/051712677 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.43 Soil physics > 631.433 Soil mechanics |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jan 2018 02:09 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Oct 2020 10:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7835 |
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