Sahputra, Rozy Dwi (2017) Dampak Biochar Dan Pupuk Organik Hayati Terhadap Aktivitas Mikroorganisme Tanah Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Pada Tanah Ultisol. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ultisol yang memiliki luasan yang cukup besar sekitar 25% dari total luasan daratan Indonesia, memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan lahan pertanian dan tanaman bawang memiliki prospek untuk dikembangkan di tanah ultisol. Meskipun sebarannya yang luas dan berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai lahan pertanian, di Indonesia Ultisol umumnya belum tertangani dengan baik, tanah ultisol masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan untuk dijadikan lahan pertanian yaitu rendahnya kandungan hara yang disebabkan karena proses pencucian yang berlangsung intensif. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan kualitas tanah yang terjadi pada tanah ultisol (kemasaman tanah yang tinggi, pH rata-rata <4.50, kejenuhan Al tinggi, dan rendahnya kandungan unsur hara makro seperti P, K, Ca, Mg, dan kandungan bahan organik) dapat diterapkan melalui penggunaan bahan pembenah tanah seperti pemberian bahan organik berupa biochar. Selain pemberian bahan organik penelitian ini juga memanfaatkan pupuk organik hayati untuk dapat menigkatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme didalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengtahui pengaruh aplikasi biochar dan pupuk organik hayati terhadap aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah ultisol dan 2) mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi biochar dan pupuk organik hayati terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah pada tanah ultisol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan (Maret 2017-Juni 2017) yang dilakukan di rumah kaca dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Pertanian LIPI Cibinong. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang memiliki 8 kombinasi perlakuan tanah ultisol (M0P0), ultisol + pupuk organik hayati (M0P1), ultisol + biochar (M0P2), ultisol + pupuk organik hayati + biochar (M0P3), ultisol + kompos (M1P0), ultisol + kompos + pupuk organik hayati (M1P1), ultisol + kompos + biochar (M1P2), ultisol + kompos + pupuk organik hayati + biochar (M1P3) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Tanah ultisol yang digunakan sebanyak 4,5 kg dengan dosis kompos sebesar 20 ton ha-1, biochar sebesar 10 ton ha-1 dan pupuk organik hayati sebesar 20 l ha-1. Analisis data menggunakan Genstat pada taraf kesalahan 5%, jika berbeda nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Analisis tanah yang dilakukan yaitu pH, C-Organik, P-Tersedia, total populasi bakteri, respirasi tanah, dan aktivitas fosfomonoesterase, dan juga pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman yang terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah umbi, berat basah dan berat kering daun, berat basah dan berat kering umbi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan pemberian kompos, pupuk organik hayati dan biochar berpengaruh nyata untuk meningkatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah berupa total populasi bakteri, respirasi tanah, P-Tersedia dan pH. Perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap enzim Pme-ase dan jumlah daun. Perlakuan juga memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 2 dan 6 MST, jumlah daun pada 2 MST, berat basah dan berat kering umbi.
English Abstract
Ultisol that has a large enough area about 25% of the total land area of Indonesia, has the potential to be used as agricultural land and shallot plants have a land is the low nutrient content caused by the intensive leaching process. One effort to overcome the soil quality problems that occur in ultisol soils (high soil acidity, average pH <4.50, high AL saturation, and macronutrient content such as P, K, Ca, Mg, and organic material content) can be applied through the use of soil conditioner such as the provision of organic materials in the form of biochar. Besides giving organic material, this research also uses biological organic fertilizer to increase microorganism activity in the soil. This research aims to 1) to know the effect of biochar application and bio-organic fertilizer on the activity of soil microorganism on ultisol soil and 2) to know the effect of biochar application and bio-organic fertilizer on the growth of shallot on ultisol soil. This research was conducted for 3 months (March 2017- June 2017) in greenhouse and Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology LIPI Cibinong. The research design used was complete randomized design (RAL) with 8 combination of treatments which are ultisol (MOP0), ultisol + biological organic fertilizer (M0P1), ultisol + biochar (M0P2), ultisl + biological organic fertilizer + biochar (M0P3), ultisol + compost (M1P0), ultisol + compost + biological organic fertilizer (M1P1), ultisol + compost + biochar (M1P2), ultisl +compost + bilogocal organic fertilizer + biochar (M1P3) with 3 replications. Ultisol soil used as much as 4.5 kg with compost dose of 20 tons ha-1, biochar of 10 tons ha-1 and bio-organic fertilizer of 20 l ha-1. Data analysis using Genstat at 5% error level, if different is real, then continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Soil analyzes performed were pH, COrganic, P-Available, total bacterial population, soil respiration, urease and phosphomonoesterase enzyme activity. And also the observation of plant growth consist of plant height, a number of leaves, tuber amount, weight of the plant and oven-dry weight of the plant, weight of the tuber and oven-dry weight of the tuber. The results showed that treatment of compost, biological organic fertilizer and biochar have significant effect to increase soil microorganism activity in the form of total population of bacteria, soil respiration, P-Available and pH. The treatment did not have a significant effect on the Pme-ase enzyme and the number of leaves. The treatment also had a significant effect on plant height at 2 and 6 MST, number of leaves at 2 MST, wet weight and dry weight of tubers.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/1001/051800173 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.42 Soil fertility, acidity, alkalinity > 631.422 Soil fertility |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2018 08:41 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Oct 2021 04:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7818 |
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