Istiqomah, Nurul (2017) Potensi Antagonis Mikroba Dari Akar Jagung (Zea mays L.) Terhadap Fusarium sp. Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan salah satu komoditi tanaman pangan yang menjadi target dari perencanaan pembangunan dibidang pangan dan pertanian karena perannya sebagai sumber utama karbohidrat dan protein setelah beras. Namun dalam menjalankan praktek budidaya di lahan, banyak faktor biotik maupun abiotik yang dapat menghambat produksi tanaman jagung. Faktor biotik yang sering terjadi yaitu serangan hama dan penyakit pada tanaman jagung.Jamur patogen Fusarium sp. merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit layu fusarium yang termasuk salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman jagung selain penyakit bulai yang disebabkan oleh jamur Peronosclerospora maydis, penyakit hawar daun, penyakit karat daun, dan busuk pelepah. Informasi mengenai mikroorganisme yang berpotensi antagonis bagi patogen tumbuhan diperlukan agar dapat digunakan sebagai pengendalian hayati. Kelompok mikroba yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini yaitu mikroba jenis jamurendofit dan khamir. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Biosains Universitas Brawijaya. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai dari bulan Februari sampai Juli 2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksplorasi mikroba pada akar tanaman jagung dan eksperimental dengan menguji daya antagonis isolat mikroba (jamur endofit dan khamir)terhadap patogen Fusarium sp.pada media PDA. Hasil pengamatan akan disajikan berupa data deskriptif dan analisis perhitungan daya hambat pertumbuhan patogen. Mikroba yang berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi yaitu terdiri dari sepuluh genus jamur dan tiga genus khamir dari akar tanaman jagung. Sembilan genus jamur diantaranya Nigrospora sp., Alternaria sp., Phomasp., Curvularia sp. (isolat 1), Fusarium sp. (isolat 1), Curvularia sp. (isolat 2), Fusarium sp. (isolat 2), Trichoderma sp. (isolat 1), Trichoderma sp. (isolat 2) dan satu jamur tidak teridentifikasi. Sedangkan tiga genus khamir diantaranyaCandida sp., Metschnikowia sp. dan Pichia sp. Hasil uji antagonis mikroba jamur menunjukkan bahwa delapan jamur yang diujikan dapat menekan pertumbuhan patogen Fusarium sp. melalui 3 mekanisme antagonis yaitu mekanisme mikoparasit, kompetisi dan antibiosis. Persentase penghambatan tertinggi oleh jamur Trichoderma sp. (isolat 1) terhadap patogen Fusarium sp. yaitu 52,22%. Sedangkan hasil uji antagonis khamir menunjukkan tiga khamir yang diuji tidak dapat menekan pertumbuhan patogen Fusarium sp. Hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) berhasil menunjukkan secara jelas hifa jamur Trichoderma sp. menempel dan melilit hifa jamur Fusarium sp. sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan struktur hifa dengan mekanisme antagonis mikoparasit.
English Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the commodities of food crops that become the targets of development planning in the field of food and agriculture because of its role as the major source of carbohydrate and protein after rice. But in running practice of cultivation of land, many factors both biotic abiotic component which can inhibit the production of corn plants. Biotic factors that often occur i.e. attack pests and diseases on corn plants. The fungi pathogen Fusarium sp. is disease-causing pathogens are fusarium wilt is one of the important diseases on maize plants besides downy mildew disease caused by fungi, Peronosclerospora maydis leaf blight disease, disease, and leaf rust. Information about microorganisms potentially antagonistic to plant pathogens is required in order to be used as a biological control. Microbial groups that many developed today are microbes endophytic fungi and yeasts. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Department of Plant Pests and diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, BrawijayaUniversity and Bioscience Laboratory Brawijaya University. Implementation of the research starts from February to July 2017. The methods used in this research is the exploration of microbes (fungi and yeast) on roots maize and experiment by testing the antagonistic microbial isolates power against the pathogen Fusarium sp. on PDA. The observations will be presented in the form of descriptive data analysis and calculation of drag power the growth of pathogens. Microbes that have been isolated and identified consist of ten genera of fungi and three genera of yeast from the roots of maize crops. Nine genera of fungi are Nigrospora sp., Alternaria sp., Phoma sp., Curvularia sp. (isolate1), Fusarium sp. (isolate1), Curvularia sp. (isolate2), Fusarium sp. (isolate2), Trichoderma sp. (isolate1), Trichoderma sp. (isolate2) and one unidentified fungi. The three genera of yeast are Candida sp., Metschnikowia sp. and Pichia sp. The result of antagonistic microbial test showed thet eight tested fungi could suppress the growth of Fusarium sp. Trough three mechanisms mikoparasit, competition and antibiosis. The highest percentage of inhibition by the fungi Trichoderma sp. (isolate 1) against Fusarium sp. 52,22%. While the results of the yeast antagonist test showed the three yeast tested could not suppress the growth of Fusarium sp. pathogens. The result of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) succeded in showing clearly the fungal hyphaeTrichoderma sp. Attached and binding Fusarium sp. pathogen thus causing damage to hypha structure with the mechanism of antagonistic mycoparasite.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/1014/051800260 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.15 Corn > 633.159 028 5 Corn (diseases- Computer Application) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2018 06:44 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Oct 2021 06:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7805 |
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