Andarista, Venna (2017) Pengaruh Aplikasi Berbagai Jenis Inert Dust Terhadap Mortalitas Imago Dan Pertumbuhan Populasi Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Pada Benih Jagung Dalam Simpanan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan strategis di Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi jagung melibatkan berbagai komponen, salah satunya adalah penggunaan benih jagung yang sehat. Pada saat benih jagung disimpan terdapat kendala, yaitu serangan hama pascapanen. Hama pascapanen yang menyerang jagung dalam simpanan salah satunya adalah Sitophilus zeamais. Serangga S. zeamais merupakan hama utama pada jagung dalam simpanan. Berbagai pengendalian telah dilakukan, mulai dari perencanaan gudang penyimpanan, perlakuan benih, hingga pengendalian secara kimiawi. Pengendalian kimiawi yang sering dilakukan adalah dengan fumigasi menggunakan fosfin yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif berupa resistensi hama. Salah satu solusi alternatif pengendalian adalah menggunakan inert dust. Di Indonesia, beberapa bahan yang berpotensi dijadikan inert dust adalah abu sisa pembakaran tumbuhan dan abu vulkanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi berbagai jenis inert dust yang berasal dari abu sekam padi, abu vulkanik, abu tongkol jagung, abu tempurung kelapa dan abu daun bambu petung terhadap mortalitas dan pertumbuhan populasi S. zeamais. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2017. Penelitian terdiri dari perlakuan aplikasi inert dust abu sekam padi, abu vulkanik, abu tongkol jagung, abu tempurung kelapa dan abu daun bambu petung dengan dosis masing-masing 4, 8 dan 12 g/kg serta tanpa aplikasi inert dust (kontrol). Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan setiap perlakuan inert dust pada 100 g benih jagung, kemudian sebanyak 25 pasang imago S. zeamais diinfestasikan ke dalam tabung perlakuan. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari mortalitas imago pada 1, 3 dan 7 hari setelah aplikasi (HSA), jumlah telur, larva, pupa, imago baru, rerata bobot imago baru dan persentase kerusakan benih. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa berbagai jenis inert dust mampu menyebabkan mortalitas imago dan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. zeamais. Inert dust abu daun bambu petung, abu sekam padi dan abu tongkol jagung menyebabkan mortalitas imago lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan abu vulkanik dan abu tempurung kelapa. Mortalitas imago disebabkan oleh kandungan SiO2, berat isi (BI) dan rentang waktu pemaparan inert dust. Inert dust abu daun bambu petung dapat lebih menghambat pertumbuhan populasi S. zeamais dibandingkan dengan perlakuan inert dust yang lain. Rendahnya pertumbuhan populasi dapat disebabkan oleh mortalitas imago pada saat awal aplikasi, rendahnya tingkat oviposisi oleh imago betina, aktivitas kanibalisme pada larva, dan kemampuan pupa berubah menjadi imago baru S. zeamais.
English Abstract
Maize is a strategic commodity in Indonesia. Improvement of maize production were involved complex components, e.g. utilized healthy seed. One of the obstacle in storage is the attack of stored product insects. Sitophilus zeamais is primary stored product insect that attack maize in the storage. Various controling techniques were had been done, which were storage facilities planning, seed treatment and chemical control (i.e. phosphine). However, long-term use of chemical control by fumigation also increases the risk of appearance resistant pest populations. One of the solution by using inert dust. In Indonesia, combustion residue ash and volcanic ash have potential to be used as inert dust. Thus, the present study was proposed to determine the effect of application various types of inert dust from rice husk ash, volcanic ash, corn cob ash, coconut shell ash and petung bamboo leaves ash to the adult mortality and population growth of S. zeamais. The research was conducted at Plant Pest Laboratory, Pest and Plant Disease Department, Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University on March until August 2017. The research was consisted of untreated one as control, application inert dust from rice husk ash, volcanic ash, corn cob ash, coconut shell ash and petung bamboo leaves ash with 3 different dossage, which were 4, 8 and 12 g/kg, respectively. The research was conducted by applying each dose of each inert dust on 100 g maize seed, after that 25 adults pairs of S. zeamais were infested into the treatment jar. The observation consisted of adult mortality on 1, 3 and 7 days after application, number of eggs laid, larvae, pupae, emerged adults, weight of new adults and percentage of damaged seeds. The result showed that the application various types of inert dust were affected adult mortality and inhibited population growth of S. zeamais. Mortality of S. zeamais on maize seed with application of inert dust from petung bamboo leaves ash, rice husk ash and corn cob ash with a dose 4, 8 and 12 g/kg were higher and faster than volcanic ash and coconut shell ash. It were affected by the content of SiO2, bulk density and exposure time range. Population growth of S. zeamais on maize seed with application of inert dust from petung bamboo leaves ash was slower than another applications. The population growth were affected by mortality at beginning of the application, reduction of oviposition, larvae canibalism activity and the ability of pupae to be new emerged adult.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/961/051712160 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Dec 2017 03:41 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2020 07:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7486 |
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