-, Wulandari (2017) Pengaruh Waktu Topping Pada Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo Terhadap Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Produksi jagung pada tahun 2015 mencapai 19,61 juta ton pipilan kering dengan luas panen 3,78 juta ha, meningkat 0,61 juta ton dari produksi tahun 2014 yang mencapai 19,01 juta ton dengan luas panen 3,83 juta ha (BPS, 2016). Akan tetapi, pemerintah masih melakukan impor dengan tujuan untuk stok cadangan jagung nasional. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung dalam memenuhi kebutuhan nasional yaitu dengan cara perbaikan teknik budidaya seperti pemotongan bagian tanaman di atas tongkol tertinggi (topping) dan penerapan sistem tanam jajar legowo. Penerapan sistem tanam jajar legowo yang tepat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas jagung dibandingkan dengan penerapan sistem tegel. Pada sistem tanam jajar legowo, jarak tanaman dalam baris rapat dan jarak tanaman antar legowo renggang. Hal ini akan berpengaruh pada penyerapan cahaya matahari karena daun akan saling menaungi dan tongkol akan ternaungi oleh daun. Perlakuan waktu topping ialah membuang organ tanaman diatas tongkol. Perlakuan topping bertujuan agar simpanan bahan kering dapat ditranslokasikan ke biji, meningkatkan penyerapan sinar matahari oleh tongkol sehingga membantu dalam proses pemasakan biji dan memanfaatkan hasil brangkasan untuk pakan ternak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mempelajari pengaruh waktu topping pada sistem tanam jajar legowo terhadap hasil tanaman jagung dan (2) menentukan waktu topping dan sistem tanam jajar legowo yang tepat, yaitu yang mampu meningkatkan hasil sehingga diperoleh hasil tanaman jagung yang tinggi. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini ialah waktu topping dan sistem tanam jajar legowo yang tepat mampu meningkatkan hasil tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Juni 2017 di Agro Techno Park Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Petak Terbagi (RPT). Petak utama ialah sistem tanam jajar legowo, terdiri dari 3 taraf : J0: 25 × (50 × 100) cm, J1: 20 × (40 × 80) cm dan J2: 25 × (40 × 70) cm. Anak petak ialah waktu topping, terdiri dari 4 taraf : T0: tanpa topping, T1: topping 75 hst, T2: topping 85 hst dan T3: topping 95 hst. Terdapat 12 perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali, sehingga terdapat 36 petak percobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan secara non destruktif pada saat tanaman berumur 14, 28, 42, 56 hst dan pengamatan panen pada 108 hst. Parameter pengamatan yang diamati ialah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot segar tongkol per tanaman, bobot kering tongkol per tanaman, bobot kering pipilan per tanaman, bobot 1000 biji, hasil pipilan kering ha-1 dan intensitas cahaya. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi interaksi antara sistem tanam jajar legowo dan waktu topping pada bobot 1000 biji. Sistem tanam jajar legowo 25 × (50 × 100) cm mampu meningkatkan panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, berat segar tongkol dan berat kering tongkol. Akan tetapi, sistem tanam jajar legowo 25 × (50 × 100) cm menghasilkan hasil pipilan per hektar paling rendah, sedangkan sistem tanam jajar legowo 20 × (40 × 80) cm dan 25 × (40 × 70) cm mampu meningkatkan hasil pipilan per hektar sebesar 38,52% dan 9,95%. Tanaman yang dilakukan topping 95 hst mampu meningkatkan bobot segar tongkol, bobot kering tongkol dan bobot kering pipilan. Perlakuan topping 85 dan 95 hst tidak berbeda nyata dengan tanpa topping pada hasil pipilan per hektar, sehingga tanaman yang dilakukan topping atau tanpa topping memberikan hasil pipilan per hektar yang sama. Perlakuan topping yang terlalu awal yaitu 75 hst menyebabkan penurunan hasil pipilan kering per hektar sebesar 15,84%.
English Abstract
Maize production in 2015 reached 19,61 million tons of dry seed with a harvested area of 3,78 million ha, increased 0,61 million tons of production in 2014 reached 19.01 million tons with a harvested area of 3,83 million ha (BPS, 2016). However, the government still importing the maize to stock the national maize reserve. Therefore, efforts should be made to reduce the import of maize by improving farming techniques such as cutting parts of the plant in the top of the highest cob (topping) and application legowo row planting system. The application legowo row planting system correctly was able to increase the productivity of maize compared to the application of tile system. In legowo row planting system, plant spacing in the close row and distance between the plants legowo tenuous. This treatment will affect the absorption of sunlight because the leaves will shade each other and the cobs will be shaded by the leaves. The aim of topping time treatment was to dispose organs of the plant in the top of cobs, so the yields of dry material can be translocated to the seeds, increasing the absorption of sunlight by cobs and thus helps in the process of ripening seeds and utilize the results of stover for animal feed. The research aims were to (1) study topping time effect of legowo row planting system toward yield of maize and (2) determine the topping time and legowo row planting system right to obtain a high yield maize plants. The hypothesis of this study was a topping time and legowo row planting system right can improve yield of maize. The research was conducted on March-June 2017 at the Agro Techno Park University of Brawijaya located in the village Jatikerto, Kromengan subdistrict, Malang. The research design used was Split Plot Design. The main plot was legowo row planting system, consisting of 3 levels: J0: 25 × (50 × 100) cm, J1: 20 × (40 × 80) cm and J2: 25 × (40 × 70) cm. The subplot was topping time, consists of 4 levels: T0: without topping, T1: topping 75 DAP, T2: topping 85 DAP and T3: topping 95 DAP. There were 12 treatment and repeated 3 times, so there are 36 experimental plots. Observations were non-destructive, the time plant was 14, 28, 42, 56 DAP and harvest observed at 108 DAP. The observation parameter were the plant height, number of leave, leaf area, length of the cobs, cobs diameter, fresh weight of cobs per plant, dry weight of cobs per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, dry yield of seeds ha-1and interception of light. The observation data has analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at 5% level, if the treatment was significant different then continued with the LSD (Least Significant Difference) test at 5%. The results showed that interaction between legowo row planting system and topping time on weight 1000 seeds. The legowo row planting system of 25 × (50 × 100) cm was able to increase the length of the cobs, cobs diameter, the fresh weight of the cob and the dry weight of the cob. However, the legowo row planting system of 25 × (50 × 100) cm produces the lowest yield ha-1 while the legowo row planting system of 20 × (40 × 80) cm and 25 × (40 × 70) cm was able to increase the dry yield of seeds ha-1 for 38,52% and 9,95%. Topping time of 95 dap was able to increase the fresh weight of cob, dry weight of cob and dry yield of seeds per ha-1. The topping treatments 85 and 95 dap were not significantly different with no topping on the results of dry yield of seeds ha-1, so topping or non-topping treatment produce the same amount of dry yield of seeds ha-1. Time of topping 75 dap was able to decrease dry yield of seed ha-1by 15,84%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/903/051711476 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.15 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Dec 2017 02:37 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2020 06:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7463 |
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