Susanti, Mia Maya (2017) Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Dan Jenis Bahan Organik Terhadap Produksi Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.) merupakan tanaman sayuran yang produktivitasnya di Indonesia masih rendah yaitu rata-rata 8 - 10 ton ha-1, sedangkan potensi hasil dapat mencapai rata-rata 15 - 20 ton ha-1 (Kementrian Pertanian, 2013). Produksi kubis bunga yang belum optimal dikarenakan salah satu budidaya yang belum maksimal. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah pengaturan jarak tanam untuk menyediakan lingkungan tumbuh optimal bagi tanaman sehingga tidak terjadi kompetisi cahaya, air, dan unsur hara. Selain itu, kesuburan tanah merupakan faktor penting dalam menunjang produksi tanaman. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik berlebihan menyebabkan produktivitas lahan menurun. Usaha memperbaiki kesuburan tanah yaitu pemberian bahan organik untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan mendapatkan jarak tanam dan aplikasi jenis bahan organik yang tepat pada pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis bunga. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah pengaturan jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm dan aplikasi jenis pupuk kandang sapi dapat meningkatkan hasil kubis bunga. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei - Juli 2017 di Desa Sidowarek Kecamatan Plemahan, Kediri, Jawa Timur dengan ketinggian tempat 98 meter di atas permukaan laut dan jenis tanah Grumosol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sederhana menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan yaitu P1: Jarak tanam 40 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang sapi 20 ton ha-1, P2: Jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang sapi 20 ton ha-1, P3: Jarak tanam 60 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang sapi 20 ton ha-1, P4: Jarak tanam 40 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang kambing 20 ton ha-1, P5: Jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang kambing 20 ton ha-1, P6: Jarak tanam 60 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang kambing 20 ton ha-1, P7: Jarak tanam 40 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang ayam 20 ton ha-1, P8: Jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang ayam 20 ton ha-1, dan P9: Jarak tanam 60 cm x 50 cm + Pupuk kandang ayam 20 ton ha-1. Perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Pengamatan pertumbuhan yaitu jumlah daun, luas daun, dan indeks luas daun. Sedangkan pengamatan panen yaitu diameter massa bunga, bobot segar massa bunga, bobot segar total per tanaman, indeks panen, produksi per hektar, dan R/C Ratio. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (uji F) taraf 5% untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan taraf 5% untuk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaturan jarak tanam yang lebar (60 cm x 50 cm) dengan kombinasi pupuk kandang berbeda menghasilkan produksi per hektar kubis bunga yang tinggi. Pengaturan jarak tanam 60 cm x 50 cm dengan kombinasi semua jenis pupuk kandang yang berbeda menghasilkan R/C Ratio lebih dari 1, sehingga usahatani kubis bunga layak dan menguntungkan untuk dikembangkan.
English Abstract
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.) is one of vegetables crop that has productivity in Indonesia at farmer level around 8 - 10 ton ha-1 still low compare to potential productivity is between 15 - 20 ton ha-1 (Agriculture Ministry, 2013). The low productivity cauliflower due to does not optimum of cultivation. One of the cultivation technique as manage the plant spacing provides an optimal plant growth and yield. It will be minimalize the competition of plant on light, water and nutrients. In addition, another important factors on supporting plant production is soil fertility. To obtain the optimum environmental support through application of organic fertilizer. The alternatively to improve soil fertility is applying organic matters to increase the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The aim of this research is to study and obtain an appropriate plant-spacing and kind of organic matters on cauliflower production. The hypothesis of this research is plant spacing 50 cm x 50 cm and cow manure application can increase yield of cauliflower. This research has been conducted on May until July 2017 in Sidowarek, Plemahan, Kediri, East Java with altitude 98 meter above sea level and Grumosol as soil type. This research used randomized block design (RBD) which consist of 9 treatments include P1 = Plant spacing 40 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of cow manure, P2 = Plant spacing 50 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of cow manure, P3 = Plant spacing 60 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of cow manure, P4 = Plant spacing 40 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of goat manure, P5 = Plant spacing 50 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of goat manure, P6 = Plant spacing 60 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of goat manure, P7 = Plant spacing 40 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of chicken manure, P8 = Plant spacing 50 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of chicken manure, and P9 = Plant spacing 60 cm x 50 cm + 20 tons ha-1 of chicken manure. This treatment would be repeated for 3 times. The variable observed consist growth of plant and yield. The parameters which observed as non-destructive are number of leaves, leaf area and leaf area index. While the harvest parameters consist of curd diameter, curd fresh weight per plant, total fresh weight per plant, harvest index, yield per hectare, and R/C Ratio. To determine the effect of each treatment, the data tested by analysis of variance (F test) at 5% level. If there are real effects on treatment, it was analized by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level to determine the level of difference each treatment. The result presents that at wide plant spacing (60 cm x 50 cm) combined with different manure could produce high productivity. The R/C Ratio of plant spacing 60 cm x 50 cm combined with different manure is more than 1. Therefore it is profitable.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/904/051711477 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.3 Edible leaves, flowers, stems > 635.34 Cabbage |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Dec 2017 02:33 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2020 07:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7461 |
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