Amriyanti, Sherli (2017) Pengaruh Limbah Biogas Dan Pupuk Anorganik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman mentimun telah banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, namun produksi secara nasional masih tergolong rendah dan mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya. Direktorat Jendral Hortikultura (2014) menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas mentimun di Indonesia tahun 2010 sebanyak 35,93 ton ha-1, tahun 2011 sebanyak 34,45 ton ha-1, tahun 2012 sebanyak 34,98 ton ha-1, tahun 2013 sebanyak 33,58 ton ha-1 dan tahun 2014 sebanyak 34,04 ton ha-1. Padahal potensi produktivitas mentimun dapat mencapai 50,4 ton ha-1. Rendahnya produktivitas mentimun dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan tumbuh yaitu menurunnya kesuburan tanah yang diakibatkan penggunaan pupuk anorganik secara terusmenerus sehingga mempengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Alternatif usaha untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah pertanian secara berkelanjutan adalah dengan pemberian bahan organik. Pemberian bahan organik dapat mensuplai unsur hara yang dibutuhkan tanaman sehingga dapat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi mentimun. Untuk mendukung hal tersebut dilakukan penambahan bahan organik berupa limbah biogas sehingga dapat memperbaiki kesuburan tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik limbah biogas dan pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) serta mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan limbah biogas dalam menurunkan penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pertanian Desa Wringin Songo, Kecamatan Tumpang, Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian dimulai pada bulan Maret – Mei 2017. Lokasi penelitian berada pada ketinggian ± 597 mdpl, suhu antara 20-29 oC serta curah hujan rata-rata mencapai 1.030 mm per tahun, kandungan bahan organik yaitu 0,29%, kandungan N total yaitu 0,06%, kandungan P2O5 yaitu 93,48% dan kandungan K2O yaitu 2,01%. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama limbah biogas terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: B1 = Limbah Biogas 10 ton ha-1, B2 = Limbah Biogas 20 ton ha-1, B3= Limbah Biogas 30 ton ha-1. Faktor kedua pupuk anorganik terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: P1 = Anorganik 100%, P2 = Anorganik 75%, P3 = Anorganik 50%. Pengamatan dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 14, 28, 42, dan 56 HST. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan pertumbuhan dan pengamatan hasil. Pengamatan pertumbuhan meliputi: jumlah daun (helai), luas daun (cm2), bobot segar total per tanaman (g), bobot kering total per tanaman (g), jumlah bunga betina, jumlah bunga jantan, jumlah buah yang terbentuk (buah) dan Fruitset (%). Pengamatan komponen hasil meliputi: panjang buah (cm), diameter buah (cm), jumlah buah per tanaman (buah), bobot per buah (g), bobot buah per tanaman (kg), bobot buah per petak (kg), bobot buah per hektar (ton ha-1) dan persentase buah lurus dan bengkok (buah). Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan menggunakan Uji F pada taraf 5%. Apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara limbah biogas dan pupuk anorganik pada pertumbuhan tanaman mentimun. Namun secara terpisah dipengaruhi oleh limbah biogas. Limbah biogas 30 ton ha-1 menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang sama dengan limbah biogas 20 ton ha-1 pada jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar total tanaman dan bobot kering total tanaman. Pada komponen hasil menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pengaruh interaksi antara limbah biogas dan pupuk anorganik. Pupuk anorganik sebanyak 75% dan penambahan limbah biogas 30 ton ha-1 memberikan hasil yang sama dengan 100% pupuk anorganik dan limbah biogas 30 ton ha-1 pada bobot buah per hektar. Limbah biogas dan pupuk anorganik meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik tanah dari semula 0,29% menjadi 0,82 - 2,06 %. Selain bahan organik, kandungan N total, P2O5, K2O dan C/N ratio juga mengalami peningkatan dari N total 0,06% menjadi 0,09 - 0,15 %, P2O5 93,48 ppm menjadi 99,66 – 224,31 ppm, K2O 2,01 me 100 g-1 menjadi 1,84 – 5,13 me 100 g-1 dan C/N ratio 3 menjadi 5 – 9. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pemberian limbah biogas dan pupuk anorganik memberikan manfaat bagi tanah.
English Abstract
Cucumber plants had been widely cultivated in Indonesia, but the national production was still relatively low and decreased every year. Directorate General of Horticulture (2014) shows that the productivity of cucumbers in Indonesia in 2010 is 35,93 ton ha-1, in 2011 as much as 34,45 ton ha-1, in 2012 as much as 34,98 ton ha-1, in 2013 as much as 33, 58 tons of ha-1 and year 2014 of 34,04 tons ha-1. Whereas the potential of cucumber productivity can reach 50,4 tons ha-1. The low productivity of cucumber can be caused by the growing environmental condition that is decreasing soil fertility caused by continuous use of inorganic fertilizers that affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. An alternative effort to improve the sustainable fertility of agricultural soils was through application of organic materials. The application of organic materials supplied nutrients to plants, so it might be useful in improving the growth and production of cucumbers. The organic material of biogas waste could improve the soil fertility. This research aimed to learn the effect of organic fertilizer (biogas waste) and inorganic fertilizer to growth and yields of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and to determine the effectivity of the use of biogas waste to decrease the use of inorganic fertilizer. The research was conducted in Wringin Songo Village Farm, Tumpang District, Malang Regency from March to May 2017. The research location was at altitude ± 597 mdpl, temperature was between 20-29oC and the average of rainfall reached 1,030 mm per year, the organic content was 0.29%, total N content was 0.06%, P2O5 content was 93.48%, and K2O content was 2.01%. The research was conducted using Factorial Random Block Design which was consisted of 2 factors. The first factor of biogas weste was consisted of 3 levels: B1 = biogas waste 10 ton ha-1, B2 = biogas waste 20 tons ha-1, B3 = biogas waste 30 tons ha-1. The second factor of inorganik fertilizer was consisted of 3 levels: P1 = 100 % of inorganic, P2 = 75% of inorganic, P3 = 50% of inorganic. Observations were conducted when the plants were 14, 28, 42, and 56 day after planting. Observations were included in cucumber growth and yields. The growth observation was included of number of leaves (leaf blade), leaf area (cm2), total fresh weight per plant (g), total dry weight per plant (g), number of female flowers, number of male flowers, number of fruit formed (fruit) and fruitset (%). The observation of yields was included of fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruit per plant (fruit), fruit weight per fruit (g), fruit weight per plant (kg), fruit weight per plot (kg), fruit weight per hectare (ton ha-1) and percentage of fruit straight and fruit curved. The data obtained were analyzed using F-test at 5% of confident interval. If there was a real influence, continued with Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at 5% of confident interval. The results obtained show that there is not interaction between biogas waste and inorganic fertilizer to growth of cucumber. But separately influenced by biogas waste. Biogas waste of 30 tons ha-1 gives the same growth with 20 tons ha- 1 of biogas waste on the number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh weight of plant and total dry weight of the plant. The results showed that there was interaction between biogas waste and inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers as much as 75% and the addition of biogas waste 30 tons ha-1 gives the same result with 100% of inorganic fertilizer and the biogas waste 30 tons ha-1 on fruit weight per hectare. Biogas wastes and inorganic fertilizers increased the soil organic matter content from 0,29% to 0,82 - 2,06 %. In addition to organic matter, the N total, P2O5, K2O and C/N ratio were also increased from N total was 0,06% to 0,09 - 0,15 %, P2O5 was 93,48 ppm to 99,66 – 224,31 ppm, K2O was 2,01 me 100 g-1 to 1,84 – 5,13 me 100 g-1 and C/N ratio was 3 to 5 – 9. It showed that the application of biogas waste and inorganic fertilizers has benefits for the soil.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/953/051712126 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.63 Cucumbers |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Dec 2017 06:42 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Oct 2020 10:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7291 |
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