Sarashati, Devi Cinintya (2017) Variasi Pertumbuhan 3 Jenis Tanaman Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) ialah tanaman yang sangat disukai oleh masyarakat, terutama di kawasan Asia Tenggara.Tanaman ini hidup di daerah tropis sekitar laut tengah Aljazair, Maroko, Prancis Selatan dan Kepulauan Reunio (Rahman dan Abdullah, 1997).Kemangi banyak digemari masyarakat dalam bentuk daun segar, kemangi lebih sering digunakan sebagai sayuran mentah dimakan bersama lauk sebagai lalapan. Kemangi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional (Prace, 2013).Kemangi memiliki kandungan vitamin A sebesar 5.000 SI dibandingkan dengan kandungan vitamin A pada wortel sebesar 3.600 SI.Kemangi juga sebagai tanaman industri karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kosmetik, parfum, dan obat-obatan (Hussain et al.,2008).Tanaman kemangi sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan daerah tropis.Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan potensi hasil kemangi ialah menyediakan benih berkualitas melalui teknik pemuliaan tanaman yaitu dengan mengukur serta membandingkan hasil dari parameter pengamatan dengan analisis ragam pada tanaman kemangi. Sehingga dapat diketahui benih yang berpotensi sebagai varietas baru.Penilaian keseragaman genetik tanaman dapat dilihat dari keragaman genetik yang dimiliki.Ragam genetik terjadi karena tanaman mempunyai karakter genetik yang berbeda.Hal ini dapat dilihat bila varietas yang berbeda ditanam pada kondisi lingkungan yang sama. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pertumbuhan tanaman kemangi dari tiga lokasi asal benih yang berbeda.Hipotesis penelitian adalah terdapat hasil yang berbeda pada pertumbuhan tanaman kemangi dari tiga lokasi asal benih yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Rumah Kaca Fakultas Universitas Brawijaya, Kelurahan Ngijo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kota Malang Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2017. Ketinggian tempat penelitian 500 mdpl dengan kelembaban 58,3%. Suhu udara pada malam hari dalam ruangan berkisar 20- 25oC dan pada siang hari berkisar 28 – 32 oC.Alat yang digunakan di lahan ialah plastik semai, pinset, cangkul, spray, gembor, kayu bambu, paranet, batu, alat tulis dan kamera digital.Alat yang digunakan di laboratorium adalah timbangan digital, mesin Leaf Area Meter, dan amplop. Bahan yang digunakanyaitu benih kemangi berasal dari Bandung, Jogjadan Malang, bahan lain yang digunakan adalah tanah, pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan (3:1) pada saat seedling. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan. Perlakuan merupakan kombinasi daerah asal yaitu benih Malang (P1), benih Bandung (P2), dan benih Jogja (P3). Perlakuan diulang sebanyak enam kali.Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari tujuh polibag, sehingga terdapat 126 polibag. Pengamatan akan dilakukan pada setiap individu tanaman. Pengamatan karakter terdiri dari perkecambahan, panjang tangkai, panjang akar, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar total tanaman, bobot kering total tanaman, jumlah bunga, jumlah buah. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA).Untuk menguji perbedaan diantara perlakuan digunakan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase viabilitas pada 3 varietas berbeda, menunjukkan bahwa varietas Jogja lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas lain. Terdapat pengaruh nyata terhadap panjang tangkai, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang,bobot segar,jumlah bunga, dan jumlah buah pertanaman, dimana benih Jogja memiliki hasil parameter yang lebih unggul dibandingkan benih lainnya.
English Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a plant that is highly favored by the people, especially in Southeast Asia. This plant lives in the tropics surrounding the Mediterranean sea of Algeria, Morocco, South France and the Reunion Islands (Rahman and Abdullah, 1997).In general, basil is much popular in the form of fresh leaves, basil is more often used as a vegetable that is eaten raw with side dishes as fresh vegetables.Basil can also be used as a traditional medicine (Prace, 2013). Basil has vitamin A content of 5,000 SI,And was far above the vitamin A content foundin carrots (3600 SI). Another benefit of basil leaves if consumed is to boost immunity, overcoming cancer, blood flow, preventing infertility, maintaining the health of the heart organ, treating canker sores, assisting the development of bone, treat panu, reduce the smell of sweat, Preventing and eliminating acne, preventing blackheads, preventing gray hair, preventing hair loss, natural remedies for dandruff, lightening the skin, preventing premature aging, dental and oral health, treating itching due to insect bites, preventing kidney disease, and ease the fever. So the potential to develop basil plants is still wide open because of the potential for developed tropical regions. One way to increase the potential of basil is to provide quality seeds through plant breeding techniques that is by measuring and comparing the results of observation parameters with the analysis of varieties on basil plants, So it can be known which seeds are potential to be used as new varieties. Assessment of plant genetic uniformity can be seen from its genetic diversity. Genetic variation occurs because plants have different genetic characteristics. It can be seen when different varieties are planted under the same environmental conditions. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of basil plant growth from three different origin location of seed. The hypothesis of this study is that there are different results on the growth of basil plants from three locations of different seed origin. The study was conducted from April to June 2017. The research was conducted in UB Faculty Glass Laboratory, Ngijo Village, Karangploso Sub-District, Malang City with altitude of 500 mdpl with humidity 58,3%. Indoor air temperature ranges from 20 - 25oC at night and ranges from 28 - 32 oC during the day. The tools used in the field are plastic seedlings, tweezers, hoes, spray, gembor, bamboo wood, paranet, stone, stationery and digital camera. Tools used in the laboratory are digital scales, Leaf Area Meter machines, and envelopes. The materials used are seed basil from Bandung, Jogja and Malang, other materials used are soil, manure with comparison (3: 1) at seedling. The study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of three treatments. The treatment was repeated six times. Each treatment consists of 7 polybags, so there are 126 polybags.Treatment is a combination of different origin areas Malang, Bandung and Jogja. Success indicators are used based on differences in plant height, number of branches and number of leaves, number of flowers, while the number of plants used is six plants per treatment and replication. The treatments used were Malang seed (P1), Bandung seed (P2), and Jogja seed (P3). Observations will be made on each individual plant. The observed characters include: germination, stem length, root length, plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh weight of plant, total dry weight of plant, number of flowers, number of fruits. The data of the observations were then analyzed statistically using the variance (ANOVA). To test the difference between the treatments, the least significant difference in BED (BNT) was tested at 5% level. The results showed that the percentage of viability in 3 different varieties showed that Jogja variety was higher than other varieties. There is a significant effect on stalk length, plant height, number of branches, fresh weight, number of flowers, and number of fruit crops, where Jogja seeds have parameters that are superior to other seeds.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/893/051711110 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.3 Edible leaves, flowers, stems |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Dec 2017 01:42 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Dec 2020 14:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7184 |
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