Rosidah, Ismalia (2017) Eksplorasi Jamur Tanah Pada Lahan Krisan Ramah Lingkungan Dan Lahan Yang Diaplikasikan Fungisida Berbahan Aktif Metil Tiofanat Dan Propineb. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Keanekaragaman mikroba tanah merupakan salah satu indikator dalam menentukan indeks kualitas tanah. Peran mikroba tanah sebagai dekomposer dapat menjaga kesuburan tanah. Salah satu dekomposer tersebut adalah mikroba jamur yang dapat mengurai bahan organik tanah menjadi senyawa organik sederhana sehingga berfungsi dalam penukar ion untuk tanaman. Kelimpahan mikroorganisme memiliki respon yang sensitif terhadap pengelolaan budidaya. Jumlah miikroorganisme akan berkurang jika penggunaan bahan kimia secara berlebih. Penggunaaan bahan kimia yaitu pestisida tidak menimbulkan masalah jika digunakan secara tepat. Dampak penggunaan pestisida yaitu pencemaran lingkungan antara lain kesuburan tanah dan keanekaragaman hayati menurun. Salah satu lahan pertanian yang menggunakan pestisida terdapat pada lahan bunga krisan Sidomulyo, Batu. Dalam hal ini petani lebih sering menggunakan pestisida jenis fungisida berbahan aktif Metil tiofanat dan Propineb. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman jamur tanah dan pengaruh jamur tanah pada lahan krisan ramah lingkungan dan lahan yang diaplikasi fungisida berbahan aktif Metil tiofanat dan Propineb. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan mengambil sampel tanah pada lahan bunga krisan Kelompok Tani Mulyo Joyo, Desa Sidomulyo Batu. Isolasi, purifikasi dan uji fungisida dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Sentral Ilmu Hayati Universitas Brawijaya dan identifikasi jamur dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Analisa tanah dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Kacang-Kacangan dan Umbi-Umbian Kendalpayak, Malang. Penelitian dimulai pada bulan Februari hingga bulan Juli 2017. Metode pelaksanaan penelitian menggunakan metode survei, eksplorasi dan komparasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani lebih banyak menerapkan lahan konvensional dengan mengaplikasikan fungisida berbahan aktif Metil tiofanat dan Propineb daripada lahan yang menerapkan ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan PGPR (Plant Growth Promothing Rhizobacteria) dan agens hayati. Keanekaragaman jamur tanah lahan ramah lingkungan lebih tinggi daripada lahan yang diaplikasikan fungisida yaitu sebesar H’= 13,30 dan H’= 12,92. Jamur yang mendominasi berdasarkan jumlah koloni pada lahan ramah lingkungan yaitu jamur Trichoderma sp., dan pada lahan konvensional jamur Fusarium sp. Uji fungisida pada konsentrasi 0,03% mampu menumbuhkan 6 isolat jamur dari genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Fusarium dan Humicola. Hal ini menunjukkan 4 genus jamur termasuk tahan terhadap fungisida. Salah satu jamur yang tahan pada perlakuan Propineb yaitu Trichoderma sp. Pengaplikasian fungisida dalam jangka waktu lama dapat menimbulkan pengaruh negatif terhadap mikroorganisme tanah yang dapat menyebabkan keanekaragaman mikroorganisme menurun, intensitas penyakit meningkat dan produktifitas tanaman menurun. Proses budidaya, penggunaan bahan organik, aplikasi pestisida dan kondisi lingkungan serta kondisi mikroba didalam tanah juga dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman jamur tanah.
English Abstract
Soil microbial diversity is an indicator in determining the index of soil quality. The role of soil microbes as the decomposer can maintain the soil fertility. One example of the decomposer is fungi that can break down the soil organic matter into the simple organic compounds so can be functioned as an ion exchanger in plants. The number of microorganism has a sensitive response by the agricultural activities. The number of microorganism will be drop due to the excessive use of the chemical matter. The use of pesticide will not pose any problem as long as its use is precise. The impacts use of pesticide i.e. environmental pollution such as the lower of soil fertility and biodiversity. One of the agricultural land that uses pesticides found in the Chrysanthemum land in Sidomulyo, Batu. In this case, the farmers prefer using pesticide which was fungicide with Methyl tiofanat and Propineb active compound. The broad aims of this study were to study the diversity of soil fungi and the impact of soil fungi on Chrysanthemum environment friendly land and land applied by fungicide with Methyl tiofanat and propineb active compound. This research was conducted by sampling the soil on the Chrysanthemum land owned by Mulyo Joyo farmers group, Sidomulyo, Batu. Isolation, purification and fungicides test were conducted in laboratory of Microbiology, Central of Bio Sciences, University of Brawijaya and the identification of the fungi was carried out in the laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. Soil analysis was done in the porch Research of nuts and tubers, Kendalpayak, Malang. The study began in February until Juli 2017. The implementation methods in this research used i.e. survey method, exploration, and comparison. The results showed that the farmer who applied the conventional land by using fungicides made from Methyl tiofanat and Propineb active compound was bigger than who applied the eco-friendly by using PGPR (Plant Growth Promothing Rhizobacteria) and biological agent. The diversity of soil fungi in environmental friendly land was higher than the land that applied fungicides (H’= 13,30 and H’= 12,92). Based on the number of colonies, the fungi that dominated in environmentally friendly land was Trichoderma sp., and in conventional land was Fusarium sp. The fungicides test at 0.03% concentrations was able to grow 6 fungi isolates from Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Humicola genera. It showed that 4 genera of fungi were resistance to the fungicides. One of the fungi that resist on propineb treatment was Trichoderma sp. The use of fungicides in long periode is able to cause the negative impact i.e. the decrease number of the soil microorganisms diversity, increase number of the disease intensity, and the low productivity of the plant. The process of cultivation, the use of organic materials, application of pesticides and environment conditions as well as conditions of microbes in the soil can also affect the diversity of soil fungi.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/851/051711068 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.9 General topics of pest and disease control > 632.95 Pesticides > 632.952 Fungicides |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Dec 2017 06:13 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Oct 2020 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/7096 |
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