Rahmatullah, Ezar (2017) Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Bahan Letusan Gunung Kelud Dengan Bahan Organik,Tanaman Pionir Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tinggi Pohon Pisang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Desa Pandansari, Kecamatan Ngantang Kabupaten Malang merupakan desa yang terkena dampak besar akibat erupsi Gunung Kelud pada tahun 2014 silam. Permukaan lahan pertanian didesa Pandansari mengalami pengendapan akibat tertimbun oleh abu vulkanik, sehingga menyebabkan kesuburan tanah menurun. Penanaman tanaman pionir (Arachis pintoi dan Tithonia diversifolia) dengan kombinasi bahan organik (pupuk kandang sapi,daun ubi jalar,dan daun Tithonia diversifolia) merupakan solusi dalam upaya perbaikan sifat kimia material Vulkanik Kelud.Perubahan dari sifat kimia tersebut dapat dilihat dengan pertumbuhan pohon pisang. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di Desa Pandansari, Kecamatan Ngantang, Malang selama 11 bulan (Februari 2016–Januari 2017). Plot percobaan berukuran 1 m x 1 m masing-masing diisi material vulkanik dengan ketebalan 25 cm. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang. Rancangan penelitian terdiri dari tiga petak utama (K1= 6 bulan pembenaman biomassa Ttd; K2 = 6 bulan pembenaman biomassa Ttd + dua bulan tanpa pembenaman; K3 = 6 bulan pembenaman biomassa Ttd + empat bulan tanpa pembenaman). Tiga sumber bahan organik (Bpk = pupuk kandang sapi; Bub = daun ubi jalar; Btd = daun paitan) dikombinasikan dengan tanaman Tithonia diversifolia (Ttd) dan Arachis pintoi diaplikasikan ke material letusan. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Pengaplikasian bahan organik pada material letusan dan diinkubasi selama dua minggu, dilanjutkan penanaman tanaman Tithonia diversifolia (Ttd) dan Arachis pintoi. Pengambilan sampel pada material letusan dan tanah tertimbun sesuai dengan waktu K1, K2 dan K3. Pengukuran tinggi pohon pisang juga dilakukan pada waktu yang bersamaan. Sampel dibawa ke Laboratorium Kimia Tanah Universitas Brawijaya untuk dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pemberian bahan organik dengan penanaman tanaman pionir Tithonia diversifolia secara keseluruhan dapat meningkatkan kualitas sifat kimia tanah pada material letusan dibandingkan tanaman Arachis pintoi. Kombinasi tanaman Tithonia diversifolia a) dengan pupuk kandang sapi (BpkTtd) menunjukkan pH tertinggi; b) dengan daun Tithonia diversifolia (BtdTtd) meningkatkan kandungan % C-organik, % N-total, dan kandungan P-tersedia, serta c) dengan daun ubi jalar (BubTtd) meningkatkan KTK dan kandungan Kdd, Nadd, Cadd, dan Mgdd pada material letusan. Lama perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap sifat kimia material letusan. Perlakuan 6 bulan pembenaman biomassa Tithonia + 2 bulan pembiaran (K2) memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik pada sifat kimia material letusan. Perlakuan pada material letusan cenderung memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah yang tertimbun. Perlakuan bahan organik pupuk kandang sapi dengan tanaman pionir Tithonia diversifolia memiliki ii nilai tinggi pohon pisang terbaik (121 cm). Pertumbuhan pohon cenderung mempunyai korelasi positif dengan % C-organik.
English Abstract
Pandansari Village, Ngantang, Malang was covered by pyroclastic materials from Mt. Kelud, which was lately erupted in February 2014. Potential productivity decline, due to unfavorable chemical condition for plant growth. An attempt was made to improve chemical properties to this recent pyroclastic materials by planting wild plants (Tap = Arachis pintoi and Ttd = Tithonia diversifolia) in combination with organic materials application (cow manure, sweet potato leaves, and Tithonia diversifolia leaves). The growth of banana trees (Musa paradisiaca) was measured to evaluate the impact of improved chemical properties. Field experiment was conducted for 11 months (February 2016-January 2017) in Pandansari village, Ngantang, Malang. Experimental plots (1 m x 1 m sized) were filled with volcanic material with a thickness of 25 cm. This research used Nested Plot Design, consisted of three main plots (K1 = six months Ttd pruned biomass application; K2 = six months Ttd pruned biomass application + two months without pruning; K3 = six months Ttd pruned biomass application + four months without pruning). Three sources of organic matters (Bpk = cow dung manure; Bub: Sweet potato leaves; Btd: Thitonia diversifolia leaves), in combination with Tithonia diversifolia (Ttd) and Arachis pintoi were applied. All treatments were replicated three times. The pyroclastic materials mixed and incubated with organic matters for two weeks, then followed by planting Tithonia diversifolia and Arachis pintoi. Soil samples were taken from treated pyroclastic materials and soil layer below in accordance to K1, K2 andK3 period. At the same time height of Musa paradisiaca were measured. Samples were brought to Soil Chemical Laboratory of Brawijaya University to be analyzed. The results showed that combination of organic matters with Tithonia diversifolia tend to improve chemical properties of pyroclastic materials better than Arachis pintoi. Its combination a) with cow manure (BpkTtd) increased the pH; b) with Tithonia diversifolia leaves (BtdTtd) increased % C-organic,% N-total, P-available content; and c) with sweet potato leaves (BubTtd) increased the CEC and the content of excangeable K, Na, Ca, and Mg in the pyroclastic materials. The period of application affected chemical properties of pyroclastic materials. Six months application of biomass followed by two months without pruning (K2) seem to have better chemical properties. The application organic matter and wild plants on the pyroclastic materials tend to improve chemical properties of the buried soil. Best performance of banana tree was found on cow manure and Tithonia diversifolia treated materials. The height of banana trees seems to be positively correlated to % C- organic.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/883/051711100 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.42 Soil fertility, acidity, alkalinity |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Dec 2017 07:03 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Sep 2020 17:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6972 |
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