Setiawan, Yogo (2017) Keanekaragaman Kumbang Ambrosia (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Pada Tanaman Jati (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) Sistem Monokultur Dan Polikultur Di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kumbang ambrosia (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) merupakan serangga penggerek kayu yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem hutan dan dapat menyebabkan kerugian. Kumbang ambrosia hidup bersimbiosis dengan jamur sehingga dapat menyebabkan tanaman menjadi layu dan mati. Kumbang ambrosia telah dilaporkan menyerang tanaman jati di Kabupaten Malang. Kumbang ambrosia mengebor dan masuk ke dalam pohon jati serta membuat sistem galeri, sehingga kayu menjadi berlubang lubang dengan arah melintang dan dapat menurunkan nilai ekonomi kayu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang ambrosia pada tanaman jati yang dibudidayakan secara monokultur dan polikultur di Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Dampit dan Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan, Kabupaten Malang dan Laboratorium Hama, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2017. Pada lokasi pengamatan di Kecamatan Dampit, tanaman jati dibudidayakan secara monokultur, sedangkan di Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan, tanaman jati dibudidayakan secara polikultur. Masing masing lokasi pengamatan dibuat menjadi dua plot dengan setiap plot dipasang 10 perangkap dengan jarak 20 meter antar perangkap. Spesimen kumbang ambrosia dikumpulkan menggunakan perangkap botol dengan umpan ethanol 95% yang diikat pada tanaman jati dengan ketinggian 1- 1.5 m diatas permukaan tanah. Pengumpulan spesimen kumbang ambrosia dilakukan sebanyak 8 kali dengan interval waktu pengambilan tiga hari sekali selama satu bulan. Kumbang ambrosia yang terperangkap kemudian diidentifikasi berdasakan karakter morfologi. Data kumbang ambrosia yang terperangkap kemudian dianalisis indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Winner (H’), indeks kemerataan Pielou’s (E), indeks dominansi Simpson’s (D) dan indeks kesamaan Bray-Curtis (CN) menggunakan program R dengan Vegan package. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kumbang ambrosia yang terperangkap pada tanaman jati monokulur dan polikultur terdiri dari 13 spesies dari 7 genus, yaitu Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xylosandrus morigerus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xyleborus sp1, Xyleborus sp2, Euwallacea sp, Xyleborinus sp, Premnobius sp, Ambrosiodmus sp, Hypothenemus sp1, Hypothenemus sp2, Hypothenemus sp3, dan Hypothenemus sp4. Kumbang ambrosia pada tanaman jati polikultur memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman lebih tinggi (H’= 1.472) dibandingkan dengan tanaman jati monokultur (H’= 1.310) dan termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang. Nilai indeks kemerataan pada tanaman jati polikultur (E= 0.592) dan monokultur (E= 0.673) termasuk dalam kategori kemerataan sedang. Nilai indeks dominansi kumbang ambrosia pada tanaman jati polikultur (D= 0.673) dan monokultur (D= 0.615) menunjukkan adanya dominansi spesies yang ringan. Spesies kumbang ambrosia yang mendominsi di kedua lokasi pengamatan yaitu Xylosandrus crassiusculus. Populasi kumbang ambrosia yang terperangkap pada tanaman jati polikultur lebih tinggi (242 ekor) dibandingkan dengan tanaman jati monokultur (141 ekor).
English Abstract
Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is a wood boring insects play important roles in temperate forest ecosystems, and also cause economic losses. Ambrosia beetles live symbiotically with fungus that can cause the plant to become wilt and died. Ambrosia beetles have been reported to attack teak plants, one of them is located in Malang Regency. Ambrosia beetles bore and come to teak plant and make the gallery system, thus the tree or wood of teak plants become riddled with the transverse direction and reduce the economic value of the timber. The purpose of this research is to study the diversity and abundance of ambrosia beetle in teak plant that is grown in monoculture and polyculture system in Malang. The research was conducted in teak forest owned by Perum Perhutani KPH Malang wich are located in Dampit and Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang Regency, and Laboratory of Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya in March to May 2017. In Dampit, teak plants were cultivated in monoculture and in Sumbermanjing Wetan, teak plants were cultivated in polyculture. Each location of the observations were made into two plots. Each plot was set up 10 traps and the distance between the trap was approximately 20 m. Ambrosia beetles were collected using a bottles trap baited with ethanol 95% that tied up to teak plants as high as 1- 1.5 m from the ground. Samples were taken 8 times with three days interval a month. The identification of trapped ambrosia beetles were done based on morphological characters. The data of ambrosia beetles were analyzed using R program with Vegan package to calculate the value of Shannon-Winner diversity index (H), Pielou's evenness index (E), Simpson's dominance index (D) and the Bray-Curtis similarity index (CN). The results showed that ambrosia beetles trapped in monoculture and polyculture teak plants consist of 13 species from 7 genera, they were Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xylosandrus morigerus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xyleborus sp1, Xyleborus sp2, Euwallacea sp, Xyleborinus sp, Premnobius sp, Ambrosiodmus sp, Hypothenemus sp1, Hypothenemus sp2, Hypothenemus sp3, and Hypothenemus sp4. Ambrosia beetles on teak plant grown in polyculture had higher value of diversity (H’= 1.472) than that on teak plant grown in monoculture (H’= 1.310), and both of them were in the medium diversity category. The evenness index of ambrosia beetles in teak plant grown in polyculture (E= 0.592) and monoculture (E= 0.673) were in the medium evenness category. There was light dominant species in polyculture (D= 0.673) and monoculture (D= 0.615). The most dominant species in teak plant grown in polyculture and monoculture was Xylosandrus crassiusculus. The population of ambrosia beetles trapped in teak plant grown in polyculture was higher (242 individuals) than in teak plant grown in monoculture (141 individuals).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/889/051711106 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.7 Insect pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Dec 2017 06:21 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Aug 2022 03:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6955 |
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