Laksono, Nur Dian (2017) Uji Daya Hasil Pendahuluan Beberapa Calon Varietas Jagung (Zea mays L.) Di Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Nunukan mempunyai masalah yang sama seperti daerah Kalimantan yang lain di antaranya yaitu kemasaman tanah. Kemasaman tanah dapat diatasi dengan pengapuran tanah, namun pengapuran tanah memerlukan biaya produksi yang tinggi. Sehingga cara lain yang dapat ditempuh yaitu penyediaan varietas yang tahan cekaman masam. Pengembangan varietas hibrida adalah salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jagung. Hingga saat ini belum ada varietas jagung hibrida yang mampu beradaptasi baik pada lahan masam (Sutoro, 2012). Pengembangan varietas hibrida diperlukan beberapa tahap pengujian, salah satunya adalah uji daya hasil pendahuluan. Pada percobaan sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Agustin (2016) telah mendapatkan 11 calon varietas hibrida terpilih. Beberapa calon varietas hibrida terpilih ini siap untuk dilepas, namun perlu diuji di Nunukan yang berfungsi untuk mengetahui potensi hasil yang didapatkan pada lahan masam di Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara. Oleh karena itu, pada percobaan ini telah dilakukan uji daya hasil pendahuluan pada beberapa calon varietas pada lahan masam di kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara untuk melihat daya hasil calon varietas yang diuji yang diharapkan berdaya hasil baik di Nunukan. Percobaan dilakukan di Pulau Nunukan, Kabupaten Nunukan, Provinsi Kalimantan Utara pada tanggal 3 Maret-15 Juni 2017. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pada percobaan terdapat perlakuan yang terdiri dari 9 calon varietas jagung yaitu UB1, UB2, UB3, UB4, UB5, UB6, UB7, UB8, dan UB9, serta 1 varietas standar yaitu NK 6326 diulang dengan 3 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 30 satuan percobaan. Tiap satuan percobaan terdapat 72 tanaman yang kemudian di ambil 10 sampel tanaman. Jarak tanam yang digunakan yaitu 70 x 20 cm dengan setiap lubang tanam berisi dua benih jagung. Variabel pengamatan yang digunakan yaitu tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, umur tasseling, umur silking, umur panen, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, panjang tip filling, jumlah baris biji per tongkol, bobot janggel, bobot pipilan per tongkol, bobot tongkol per hektar, rendemen hasil, dan bobot pipilan per hektar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Anova (uji F hitung dengan taraf 5 %). Bila nilai F hitung perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata, maka data kemudian diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf 5%. Nilai duga keragaman genetik menggunakan nilai Koefisien Keragaman Genetik. Penentuan nilai keunggulan jagung berdasarkan penilaian secara skoring pada hubungan variabel perbandingan tinggi letak tongkol dan tinggi tanaman, umur silking, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, panjang tip filling, jumlah baris biji selisih potensi hasil di Nganjuk dan Nunukan terhadap bobot pipilan per hektar serta hubungan antara bobot tongkol tanpa klobot, bobot pipilan per tongkol, dan bobot janggel terhadap rendemen. Penentuan nilai keunggulan berdasarkan penampilan yang banyak diminati kalangan petani. Nilai keunggulan yaitu : sangat berprospektif = 10, berprospektif = 7,5,cukup berprospektif = 5, kurang berprospektif = 2,5. ii Hasil percobaan menunjukkan perlakuan genotipe calon varietas jagung berpengaruh nyata pada semua variabel yang diamati. Terdapat dua calon varietas yang memiliki potensi hasil tinggi berdasarkan hasil skoring nilai keunggulan yaitu UB1 (7,81 ton.ha-1), UB4 (8,83 ton.ha-1), dan UB7 (9,38 ton.ha-1). Nilai Koefisien Keragaman Genetik pada seluruh variabel yang diamati dalam kategori rendah kecuali pada variabel panjang tip filling.
English Abstract
Nunukan has the same problem as other areas of Kalimantan among which is the acidity of the soil. Soil acidity can be overcome by calcification of soil, but calcification of soil requires high production costs. So another way that can be taken is the provision of resistant varieties sour stress. The development of hybrid varieties is one of the strategies to increase corn productivity. Until now there has been no hybrid maize varieties that are able to adapt well to acid land (Sutoro, 2012). Development of hybrid varieties required several stages of testing, one of which is a preliminary power test. In previous experiments conducted by Agustin (2016) have obtained eleven selected hybrid varieties. Some of the selected hybrid varieties are ready to be released, but need to be tested in Nunukan that serves to know the potential yields obtained on acid land in Nunukan District, North Kalimantan. Therefore, in this experiment a preliminary yield trial was conducted on several prospective varieties on acid land in Nunukan district, North Kalimantan to see the potential yield of tested varieties that are expected to produce good results in Nunukan. The experiments was conducted in Nunukan Island, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province at 3 Maret - 15 Juni 2017. The experiments was conducted using a randomized block design (RAK). In the experiment, there were 9 varieties of maize varieties, namely UB1, UB2, UB3, UB4, UB5, UB6, UB7, UB8, and UB9, and 1 standard varieties NK 6326 with 3 replication So that 30 test units were obtained. Each experimental unit has 72 plants which then taken 10 sample plants. Spacing used is 70 x 20 cm with each planting hole contains two maize seeds. The observation variables used were plant height, ear height, tasseling age, silk age, harvest age, ear weight without husk, ear diameter, ear length, tip filling, number of kernel rows per ear, shelled per ear, Weight of cob, ear weight per hectare, shelling percentage and grain yield. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova (F test count with 5% level). If the F value of the treatment count shows the real difference, then the data is then tested further by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test with 5% level. The estimated value of genetic variability uses the value of the Genetic variability Coefficient. The determination of maize potentialy value based on scoring on the correlation of comparison variable ratio ear height and plant height, age of silking, ear length, ear diameter, tip filling, number of kernel per row, and differences betwen trial on Nganjuk and Nunukan to the grain yield and the relationship between ear weights, shelled per ear, and weight of cob to shelling percentage. Determination of the value of excellence based on the appearance of a lot of interest among farmers. The superior value is: potentially = 10, potentially = 7.5, potentially enough = 5, less potentially = 2.5. The result of the experiment showed that the genotypic treatment of the candidate of maize varieties had significant effect on all the observed characters. iv There are two potentially varieties that have high yield potential based on scoring value that is UB1 (7,81 ton.ha-1), UB4 (8,83 ton.ha-1), and UB7 (9.38 ton.ha-1). These two hybrid candidates can be selected for the next selection program. The Genetic variability Coefficient Value on the variable was observed in the low category except on variable of tip filling lenght.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/465/051710652 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Dec 2017 06:57 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Sep 2020 03:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6796 |
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