Sukmasari, Candraning Dwi (2017) Heritabilitas Dan Kemajuan Genetik Harapan Karakter Agronomi Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L. ) Berhabitus Kompak. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai rawit ialah tanaman hortikultura yang dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga dan industri. Produksi cabai rawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 sebesar 800.484 ton, tahun 2015 mencapai 869.954 ton dan tahun 2016 mencapai 9.102.560 ton. Selain itu, produktivitas cabai rawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 sebesar 5,94 ton/ha, tahun 2015 sebesar 6,45 ton/ha dan tahun 2016 sebesar 6,98 ton/ha. Peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas pada cabai rawit membutuhkan benih varietas unggul yang mana masih terus membuat perbaikan pada karakter daya hasil tanaman. Oleh sebab itu, perlu menghitung nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik harapan pada cabai rawit dengan tipe habitus kompak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menduga nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik harapan karakter agronomi pada 18 aksesi cabai rawit bertipe habitus kompak dan mendapatkan aksesi yang berdaya hasil tinggi untuk dilanjutkan pada penelitian selanjutnya. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini ialah terdapat karakter yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik harapan tinggi dari 18 aksesi cabai rawit bertipe habitus kompak dan terdapat aksesi yang berdaya hasil tinggi untuk dilanjutkan pada penelitian selanjutnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Agro Techno Park Universitas Brawijaya yang berada di Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2017. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain cangkul, timbangan analitik, gelas ukur, meteran, jangka sorong, dan kamera, sedangkan bahan yang digunakan antara lain 18 aksesi cabai rawit berhabitus kompak yaitu aksesi 6, 10, 12, 15, 31, 33, 46, 55, 65, 90, 95, 105, 110, 132, 157, 228, 250, 260 dan varietas Dewata. Penelitian menggunakan metode single plant dengan seleksi massa. Masing-masing aksesi ditanam sebanyak 16 tanaman dan varietas Dewata ditanam sebanyak 60 tanaman, sehingga total individu tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 348 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel pengamatan untuk setiap tanaman. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengamatan karakter kualitatif terdiri dari bentuk daun, posisi bunga, warna mahkota bunga, warna putik, posisi putik, warna buah saat muda, warna buah saat tua, bentuk buah, dan bentuk ujung buah. Pengamatan karakter kuantitatif terdiri dari tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), lebar kanopi (cm), jumlah cabang (cabang), umur berbunga (hst), umur panen (hst), panjang daun (cm), lebar daun (cm), jumlah buah total per tanaman (buah), panjang buah (cm), diameter buah (mm), berat per buah (g), berat buah total per tanaman (g), volume buah (ml) dan bobot 1000 biji (g). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menghitung rerata, ragam (varian), simpangan baku, koefisien keragaman fenotip, koefisien keragaman genotip, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik harapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 18 aksesi yang ditanam hanya 17 aksesi yang dapat berproduksi yaitu aksesi 6, 12, 15, 31, 33, 46, 55, 65, 90, 95, 105, 110, 132, 157, 228, 250 dan 260. Aksesi 10 tidak dapat berproduksi karena pertumbuhannya lambat dan banyak terserang penyakit layu fusarium. Berdasarkan 9 karakter kualitatif yang diamati terdapat 5 karakter yang seragam, yaitu karakter posisi bunga, warna buah tua, warna mahkota bunga, warna putik dan posisi putik. Sedangkan keragaman terdapat pada karakter bentuk daun, warna buah muda, bentuk buah dan bentuk ujung buah. Karakter kuantitatif memiliki kategori heritabilitas rendah sampai tinggi. Karakter kuantitatif yang termasuk kategori rendah adalah umur berbunga, panjang buah, berat per buah dan karakter umur panen termasuk kategori sedang. Karakter yang termasuk kategori tinggi adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, lebar kanopi, jumlah cabang, panjang daun, lebar daun, jumlah buah total per tanaman, diameter buah, berat buah total per tanaman, volume buah dan bobot 1000 biji. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas tinggi dan sedang berarti karakter tersebut lebih besar dipengaruhi oleh ragam genetik, sedangkan nilai heritabilitas rendah berarti karakter tersebut lebih besar dipengaruhi oleh ragam lingkungan. Nilai heritabilitas akan mempengaruhi nilai kemajuan genetik harapan. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik harapan sebagian besar karakter kuantitatif dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi kecuali umur berbunga, panjang buah dan berat per buah. Kriteria pemilihan tanaman terseleksi berdasarkan karakter berat buah total per tanaman minimal 400 g atau lebih besar dari varietas pembanding (Dewata) maka diperoleh 10 aksesi terseleksi yaitu aksesi 25, 33, 39, 40, 54, 56, 76, 86, 90 dan 92. Selain berat buah total per tanaman, kriteria pemilihan tanaman terseleksi berdasarkan karakter bentuk buah memanjang.
English Abstract
Chili is horticultural plant which is used for household and industrial needs. Chili production in Indonesia in 2014 amounted 800.484 tons, in 2015 amounted 869.954 tons and in 2016 amounted 9.102.560 tons. In addition, the productivity of chili in Indonesia in 2014 amounted 5,94 ton/ha, in 2015 amounted 6,45 ton/ha and in 2016 amounted 6,98 ton/ha. Increased production and productivity in chili requires superior seed varieties which still continue to make improvements yield production character. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the value of heritability and expected genetic advance on chili in dense branching habit. The purpose of this research is to estimate the heritability value and expected genetic advance of agronomical characters on 18 accession of chili dense branching habit and to get the accession of chili which has high grain to be continue on subsequent research. The hypothesis of this research is that there are characters that has heritability value and expected genetic advance over 18 accession of chili in dense branching habit and there are accession which has high yield production to be continued on subsequent research. The research was conducted in the Agro Techno Park Brawijaya University in Jatikerto village, Kromengan district, Malang, East Java. The research was conducted in February until August 2017. The tools that used in this research were hoe, analytic scales, measuring meter, caliper, camera, while the materials that were used are 18 accession of chili in dense branching habit which are accession 6, 10, 12, 15, 31, 33, 46, 55, 65, 90, 95, 105, 110, 132, 157, 228, 250, 260 and Dewata varieties. Research was used single plant method by mass selection. There were 16 plants that planted in each accession and 60 plants of Dewata varieties, so the amount of individual plant that observed are 348 plant. Observation were done to some variable reseach on each plant. The variables of research consist of qualitatitive and quantitative character. Observation on qualitative characters consist of shape leaf, flower position, corolla color, pistil color, pistil position, fruit color at intermediate stage, fruit color at mature stage, fruit shape and fruit shape at blossom end. Observation on quantitative characters consist of plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), canopy width (cm), number branches (branch), days to flowering (dap), days to harvesting (dap), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), total fruit number (fruit), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (mm), fruit weight (g), total fruit weight per plant (g), volume fruit (ml) and 1000 seed weight (g). The data obtained were analyzed by calculating the average, variance, standard deviation, the variability of genetic coefficient, the variability of phenotype coefficient, heritability and expected genetic advance. The research showed that there were only 17 accessions out of 18 accessions that can produce which are accession 6, 12, 15, 31, 33, 46, 55, 65, 90, 95, 105, 110, 132, 157, 228, 250 and 260. The accession 10 are unable to produced due to its growth was slow and were attacked by fusarium. Based on 9 qualitative character that have observed there are 5 same characters is character of flowers position, fruit color at mature stage, corolla color, pistil color and pistil position. While there is variability on the character leaf shape, fruit color at intermediate stage, fruit shape and fruit shape at blossom end. Quantitative Character has heritability category from low to high. Quantitative character which included in low category is days to flowering, fruit length, fruit weight, while the character of days to harvesting is moderate category. The characters that included in high category are plants height, stem diameter, canopy width, number branches, leaf length, leaf width, total fruit number, fruit diameter, total fruit weight per plant, volume fruit and 1000 seed weight. This indicates that heritability value is high and medium that means the character is more influenced by genetic variability, while low heritability value means that the character is more affected by the environment variability. The heritability value will affect expected genetic advance value. Based on the calculation of heritability and expected genetic advance, most of quantitative characters can be used as selection criteria except days to flowering, fruit length and fruit weight. The criteria of plant selection was selected based on the total fruit weight per plant which at least is 400 gr or higher than comparison varieties (Dewata) then retrieved 10 accession selected which are accession 25, 33, 39, 40, 54, 56, 76, 86, 90 and 92. In addition to the total fruit weight per plant, plant selection criteria were selected based on elongate fruit shape character.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/461/051710648 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.84 Hot spices |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Dec 2017 04:01 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Oct 2020 13:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6773 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |