Azkiyah, Rizqi (2017) Observasi Tanaman Kacang Komak (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) Di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia adalah negara mega biodiversitas. Namun Indonesia belum mampu dalam menyediakan pangan secara mandiri. Maka, pemerintah mencanangkan kebijakan mengoptimalkan potensi kacang lokal untuk ketahanan pangan. Kacang komak adalah kacang lokal yang potensial dikembangkan sebagai sumber pangan. Kacang komak beradaptasi pada lahan beriklim kering dan panas seperti di Probolinggo dan Sumbawa. Upaya menjaga kelestarian plasma nutfah kacang komak adalah eksplorasi dengan observasi di daerah sentra produksi. Sehingga, kegiatan ini untuk mendapatkan keragaman genetik plasma nutfah dalam mendukung program diversifikasi pangan dan menjaga ketersediaan bahan baku pada program pemuliaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi keberadaan lokasi budidaya kacang komak sebagai salah satu bahan makanan alternatif, mengidentifikasi sifat-sifat dan jenis potensial kacang komak berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan karakter agronomi dan mendeskripsikan hubungan kekerabatan tanaman kacang komak berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan karakter morfologi di empat kecamatan pada Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah terdapat beberapa lokasi budidaya kacang komak dan terdapat beberapa jenis plasma nutfah kacang komak potensial yang masih dibudidayakan dan terdapat hubungan kekerabatan kacang komak berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan karakter morfologi di empat kecamatan pada Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan di empat Kecamatan pada Kabupaten Probolinggo yaitu Kecamatan Tongas, Kecamatan Wonomerto, Kecamatan Bantaran dan Kecamatan Leces pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2014. Alat yang digunakan adalah alat tulis, kuisioner, kamera, plastik, meteran, pisau, kertas label, kertas milimeter dan "Descriptors of Dolichos Bean" (University of Agricultural Sciences of Bangalore, India, 2008). Bahan yang digunakan adalah tanaman kacang komak yang dibudidayakan oleh petani di empat Kecamatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan wawancara petani setempat. Pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri dari survei pendahuluan, penentuan lokasi, pengamatan karakter morfologi dan agronomi, dan wawancara terhadap petani. Pengamatan karakter morfologi meliputi tipe pertumbuhan, pola percabangan, warna batang, warna daun, bentuk daun, warna bunga, bentuk lengkung polong, keharuman polong, kekerutan polong, warna polong segar, warna biji segar, warna biji kering, bentuk biji. Pengamatan karakter agronomi meliputi tinggi tanaman saat panen (cm), jumlah cabang produktif (buah), jumlah polong per tanaman (buah), bobot biji per tanaman (g), bobot 100 butir (g). Data dianalisa dengan metode deskriptif. Data berupa data pengamatan karakter morfologi dan agronomi, data wawancara petani dari pengisian form kuisioner disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Data karakter agronomi diperoleh dari nilai rerata pada lima sampel tanaman di tiap petani. Data karakter agronomi diamati secara numerik. Karakter agronomi ditransformasi melalui teknik skoring berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi. Data karakter dianalisis ii klaster dengan nilai kemiripan sebesar 75 % menggunakan aplikasi minitab versi 14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi budidaya kacang komak berada di Kecamatan Tongas, Kecamatan Wonomerto, Kecamatan Bantaran dan Kecamatan Leces pada Kabupaten Probolinggo. Desa lokasi budidaya kacang komak adalah Kecamatan Tongas di desa Sumber Kramat, Curah Tulis, Klampok, Pamatan dan Wringin Anom, Kecamatan Wonomerto di desa Sumber Kare, Patalan, Sepuh Gembol, Poh Sangit Ngisor, Poh Sangit Tengah dan Tunggak Cerme, Kecamatan Bantaran di desa Karang Anyar, Legundi, Tempuran dan Kedung Rejo, dan Kecamatan Leces di desa Malasan Kulon, Tigasan Wetan, Pondok Wuluh dan Tigasan Kulon. Lokasi budidaya tanaman kacang komak adalah di lahan tegalan/ladang dan di pekarangan. Lokasi budidaya tanaman kacang komak berada di dataran rendah dan medium memiliki iklim kering dan panas. Ketinggian tempat budidaya tanaman kacang komak bekisar 0 – 250 meter dpl. Suhu udara lokasi budidaya tanaman kacang komak bekisar 36-39 °C untuk kecamatan Tongas, Wonomerto dan Bantaran dan 27-31 °C untuk kecamatan Leces. Hasil dari penelitian telah didapatkan aksesi atau jenis tanaman kacang komak yang potensial adalah aksesi BTR berasal dari Desa Tempuran, Kecamatan Bantaran dan aksesi LPW berasal dari Desa Pondok Wuluh, Kecamatan Leces. Keragaman tanaman kacang komak ditunjukkan pada karakter warna batang, warna bunga, warna biji kering, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman dan bobot 100 biji yang memiliki nilai keragaman rendah. Dari hasil dendogram tanaman kacang komak, 20 aksesi tanaman kacang komak menghasilkan delapan klaster dengan kemiripan genetik bekisar 92,71 - 99,62 % .
English Abstract
Indonesia is a mega biodiversity country. But, indonesia has not been able to provide the food independently. So, the government launched a policy to optimize the potential of local beans for food security. Lablab bean is potential of local legumes to developed as food crops. Lablab bean can adapted in dry and hot climates such as Probolinggo and Sumbawa. Efforts to preserve the plasma germplasm of lablab is an exploration by observation in production centers. Thus, this activity to obtain genetic diversity of germplasm in support of food diversification program and keep the availability of material in breeding program. The purpose of the research was to obtain information on the existance of lablab bean as an alternative food and to identify the characteristics of lablab bean based on morphological and agronomic characters, and to describe the genetic relationship of lablab bean based on similarities and differences of morphological characters in four districts in Probolinggo regency, East Java. The hypothesis of the research was that there are several locations of lablab in four districts district and there are several types of potential germplasm lablab bean that are still cultivated and there is a genetic relationship of lablab bean based on similarities and differences in morphological characters in four districts in Probolinggo, East Java. The research was conducted in four districts in Probolinggo Regency, Tongas District, Wonomerto District, Bantaran District and Leces District at August - October 2014. Tools used include stationery, camera, plastic, tape measure, knife, label paper, graph paper and "Descriptors of Dolichos Bean" (University of Agricultural Sciences of Bangalore, India, 2008). Materials used include lablab plants that cultivated by farmers or grow willd in four district, Probolinggo Regency and form filling a questionnaires. The research has used survey methods and interviews of local farmers. The research implementation consisted of preliminary survey, location determination, observation of morphological and agronomic character, and interview on farmers. Observation of morphological characters include type of growth, pattern of branches, stem colour, leaf colour, leaf shape, flower colour, pod shape, pod fragrance, pod pulp, fresh pod colour, fresh seed colour, color dry seed, seed shape. Observations of agronomic characters include plant height at harvest (cm), number of productive branches (fruit), number of pods per plant (fruit), weight of seed per plant (g), weight of 100 grains (g). Data were analyzed by descriptive method. Data was in the form of morphological and agronomic character observation data, farmer interview data from filling questionnaire form presented in table form. The agronomic character data was obtained from the mean values of five plant samples in each farmer. Agronomic character data is observed numerically. The agronomic character is transformed by scaling technique based on the frequency distribution. Character data analyzed cluster with similarity value of 75% using minitab application version 14. iv The results showed that the location of lablab bean cultivation was in Tongas district, Wonomerto district, Bantaran district and Leces district in Probolinggo Regency. The village of lablab bean cultivation location is Tongas district in the village of Sumber Kramat, Curah Tulis, Klampok, Pamatan and Wringin Anom village, Wonomerto district in the village of Sumber Kare, Patalan, Sepuh Gembol, Poh Sangit Ngisor, Poh Sangit Tengah and Tunggak Cerme, Bantaran district in the village of Karang Anyar, Legundi, Tempuran and Kedung Rejo, and Kecamatan Leces in the village of Malasan Kulon, Tigasan Wetan, Pondok Wuluh and Tigasan Kulon. The location of the cultivation of lablab bean crops is in dry land and in the yard. The location of the cultivation of lablab bean in the lowland and medium land has a dry and hot climate. The altitude of the cultivation of lablab bean is at 0 - 250 meters above sea level. The temperature of the cultivation of lablab bean ranges from 36-39 °C in the Tongas district, Wonomerto district and Bantaran district and 27-31 °C in the Leces district. The result of this research has got a potential of lablab bean that is BTR accession from Tempuran village, Bantaran district and LPW accession from Pondok Wuluh village, Leces district. The diversity of lablab bean showed in the character such as stem color, flower color, dry bean color, plant height at harvest, number of productive branches, number of pods per plant, weight of seed per plant, weight of 100 grains with low diversity value. From the result of dendogram of lablab bean, 20 accesions of lablab bean has eight clusters with genetic similarity ranging from 92,71 - 99,62%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/618/051710834 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.65 Garden legumes > 635.659 Other garden legumes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Dec 2017 03:13 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jan 2022 02:35 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6692 |
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