Handayani, Iche (2017) Pengaruh Penerapan Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu Terhadap Intensitas Serangan Nilaparvata lugens Dan Populasi Musuh Alaminya Pada Tanaman Padi Lahan Kering. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman padi adalah tanaman pangan berupa rumput berumpun yang merupakan tanaman pokok penghasil yang dibutuhkan tubuh manusia sebagai sumber energi berupa karbohidrat. Peningkatan produksi padi di Indonesia masih dititikberatkan pada pelaksanaan intensifikasi padi sawah, sedangkan peningkatan produksi padi lahan kering belum sepenuhnya dilakukan. Budidaya padi pada lahan kering tanpa olah tanah dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam peningkatan produksi padi di Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa kendala dalam peningkatan produksi padi lahan kering, yaitu serangan hama dan penyakit. Salah satu hama penting pada tanaman padi adalah wereng batang coklat Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Wereng batang coklat sering mengakibatkan gagal panen karena jumlah populasinya yang cukup tinggi. Sampai saat ini pengendalian N. lugens masih bertumpu pada penggunaan pestisida yang intensif dengan sistem pertanian yang konvensional. Pengendalian yang baik untuk mengatasi N. lugens adalah dengan melihat kembali ciri dan sifat ekosistem pertanian serta dengan pertimbangan ekonomi. Alternatif pengendalian yang lebih aman dari penggunaan pestisida, maka berkembanglah konsep pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan PHT dan konvensional pada tanaman padi lahan kering terhadap intensitas serangan N. lugens dan populasi musuh alaminya. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Desember 2013 sampai dengan Maret 2014 di lahan pertanian milik masyarakat di Desa Babat Kumpul, Kecamatan Pucuk, Kabupaten Lamongan. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menanalisi tanah padah lahan PHT untuk mengetahui kebutuhan pupuknya. Pengamatan terdiri dari tiga peameter yaitu, intensitas serangan, populasi musuh alami, dan petumbuhan tanaman, yang diamati pada fase vegetatif dan generatif. Intensitas serangan N. lugens diamati dengan menetapkan tanaman contoh masing-masing sebanyak 20 rumpun pada lahan PHT dan konvensional. Tanaman contoh yang dipilih merupakan tanaman yang sehat dan bukan tanaman pinggir. Pengamatan populasi musuh alami dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode relatif yaitu dengan pemasangan perangkap. Perangkap yang digunakan yaitu lubang perangkap, perangkap panci kuning, dan jaring ayunan. Pertumbuhan tanaman yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah anakan. Hasil produksi yang diamati adalah bobot basah dan bobot kering gabah. Intensitas kerusakan tanaman padi akibat serangan N. lugens pada lahan PHT hanya terjadi sebesar 1,98 %, sedangkan intensitas kerusakan tanaman padi pada lahan konvensional terjadi sebesar 5,78% yang termasuk dalam skala kerusakan ringan. Intensitas serangan N. lugens pada lahan konvensional lebih tinggi dari pada lahan PHT, dikarenakan pengaplikasian pestisida sehingga meyebabkan resistensi dan resurgensi. Rerata populasi predator pada lahan PHT ii lebih tinggi (1,77 individu) dibandingkan pada lahan konvensional (0,67 individu). Rerata populasi parasitoid pada lahan PHT lebih tinggi (2,22 individu) dibandingkan pada lahan konvensional (0,85 individu). Hal ini dikarenakan pada lahan PHT tersedia habitat bagi musuh alami beupa gulma dan rumput sebagai sumber pakan, tempat berlindung, dan tempat berkembangbiak. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman padi pada lahan PHT lebih tinggi (78,4 cm) dibandingkan dengan tinggi tanaman padi pada lahan konvensional (75,45 cm). Jumlah daun pada lahan konvensional lebih banyak (91,61 helai) dari pada lahan PHT (78,67 helai). Ratarata jumlah anakan padi pada lahan PHT lebih banyak (11,15) dibandingkan dengan jumlah anakan padi pada lahan konvensional (9,89). Hal ini dikarenakan pengaruh pengaplikasian pupuk kandang pada lahan PHT sehingga tersedia unsur hara untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil produksi padi yang diperoleh pada lahan PHT dan konvensional berbeda. Pada lahan PHT menghasilkan bobot basah padi sebanyak 6,44 ton/ha, sedangkan pada lahan konvensionl sebanyak 6,3 ton/ha. Hasil bobot kering padi pada lahan PHT sebanyak 5,88 ton/ha, sedangkan pada lahan konvensional sebanyak 5,59 ton/ha. Penerapan budidaya padi secara PHT lebih baik dibandingkan secara konvensional. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang penerapan penggelolaan hama terpadu pada tanaman padi lahan kering untuk mencegah terjadinya ledakan hama dan penyakit masih perlu dilakukan.
English Abstract
Rice is a food plant formed of a clump of grass which is produce carbohydrate that needs by human body as a source of energy. Improvement of rice production in Indonesia is still focused on the intensification of rice fields, whereas the increase of dryland rice production has not been fully carried out. Rice cultivation on dryland without tillage can be an alternative in increasing rice production in Indonesia. Pest and disease attacks become a problem in increasing dryland rice production. One of the most important pests in rice plants is the brown stem leafhoppers Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Brown stem leafhoppers often result in crop failure because its population is high enough. Until now N. lugens control is still based on the use of intensive pesticides with conventional farming systems. The best way to overcome N. lugens is to look at the characteristics and nature of agricultural ecosystems with economic considerations. One of the safer alternatives to the use of pesticides is the concept of integrated pest management (IPM). This research aims to determine the effect of the application of IPM and conventional on dry land crops to the intensity of N. lugens attack and its natural enemy population. The research was conducted from December 2013 until March 2014 on agricultural land in Desa Babat Kumpul, Kecamatan Pucuk, Kabupaten Lamongan. The method that used is by analyze the land of IPM land to know the fertilizer needs. Observations consisted of three parameters, the intensity of the attack, the natural enemy population, and plant growth, observed in the vegetative and generative phases. The intensity of N. lugens attack was observed by assigning each sample plant of 20 clumps on IPM and conventional land. Selected sample plants are healthy plants and not peripheral plants. Observation of natural enemy population is done by using relative method that is by trapping installation. Traps used are trap holes, yellow pans traps, and swing nets. Plant growth observed were plant height, leaf number, and the number of tillers. The production observed was fresh weight and dry weight of grain. Intensity of rice damage caused by N. lugens attack on IPM land only happened at 1.98%, while the intensity of damage to rice plant in conventional land happened 5.78% which included in scale of minor damage. The intensity of N. lugens attacks on conventional land is higher than IPM land, due to the application of pesticides causing resistance and resurgence. The average of predators population on IPM land is higher than conventional land that is 1.77 individuals on IPM land, while on conventional land 0.67 individuals. The average population of parasitoids in IPM land is higher than that of conventional land, that is 2.22 individuals on IPM land, while on conventional land 0.85 individuals. This is because on IPM land is available habitat for natural enemies such as weeds and grass as a source of feed, shelter, and breeding grounds. The average height of rice crops on IPM land is higher than that of rice in conventional land. The average height of rice plant in IPM land is 78,4 cm, while iv on conventional land equal to 75,45 cm. Conventional gives a significant difference to the number of leaves. The number of leaves on conventional land is more than that of IPM. The average number of rice leaves on IPM land is as much as 78.67 pieces, while on conventional land as much as 91.61 pieces. The average number of tillers on IPM land is higher than the number of tillers in conventional land. The average number of rice seedlings on IPM land is 11.15, while on conventional land as much as 9.89. This is because the effect of application of manure on IPM land so that available nutrients for plant growth. The yield of rice produced on IPM and conventional land is different. In IPM land produces wet weight of rice as much as 6.44 tons / ha, while on conventionl land as much as 6.3 tons / ha. Then dried by drying for two to three days. Results of dry weight of rice on IPM land as much as 5.88 tons / ha, while on conventional land as much as 5.59 tons / ha. Application of IPM on rice cultivation is better than conventionally one. Further research on the application of integrated pest management in dryland rice crops to prevent pest and disease outbreaks remains to be done.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/517/051710704 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.9 General topics of pest and disease control |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Dec 2017 02:51 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Sep 2020 17:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6609 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |