Islami, Abid Fadhillah Mulya (2017) Uji Antagonisme Khamir Terhadap Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Buah Pepaya. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pepaya (Carica papaya Linnaues) ( Brassicales: Caricaceae) merupakan tanaman yang berasal dari negara Amerika. Di Indonesia, tanaman pepaya umumnya tumbuh menyebar di dataran rendah hingga dataran tinggi. Pemanenan buah pepaya dilakukan dalam keadaan buah yang belum matang sempurna. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala dalam proses penyimpanan buah pepaya, salah satunya adalah patogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. (Melanconiales: Melanconiaceae). Gejala patogen C. gloeosporioides pada buah adalah munculnya bercak berwarna coklat kegelapan yang dapat menyebabkan buah busuk. Mikroba antagonisme yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa adalah khamir. Khamir adalah mikroorganisme uniseluler yang bersifat adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji genus khamir untuk menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan C. gloeosporioides penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada buah pepaya yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengendalian alternatif yang aman dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian (FP), Universitas Brawijaya (UB), Malang, Jawa Timur. Waktu pelaksanaan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juni 2017. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah daun, batang dan buah tanaman Pepaya Merah Delima (PMD) yang diperoleh dari Kebun Percobaan FP UB di Dusun Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi beberapa tahap, yaitu isolasi patogen C. gloeosporioides dari buah PMD yang bergejala antraknosa, berupa bercak berwarna coklat kegelapan. Selanjutnya eksplorasi khamir dari daun, batang dan buah PMD. Koloni khamir yang ditemukan diidentifikasi hingga tingkat genus. Didapat 7 genus khamir dari bagian tanaman PMD. Genus khamir dari batang yaitu Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Metschnikowia sp. isolat 1, Metschnikowia sp. isolat 2 dan Pichia sp. dan genus khamir dari daun yaitu Filobasidium sp. dan Metschnikowia sp. isolat 3. Sedangkan dari buah PMD khamir tidak dapat hidup, terlihat tidak adanya koloni khamir pada media YMA. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji antagonisme khamir terhadap C. gloeosporioides secara in vitro. Pengujian antagonisme khamir pada masing-masing genus khamir yang ditemukan dengan cara khamir digoreskan pada media PDA tepat ditengah cawan Petri dengan posisi tegak lurus sebanyak 1 lup jarum Ose. Kemudian miselium patogen C. gloeosporioides diambil dengan cork borer dan diletakkan pada sisi kanan dan kiri goresan khamir dengan jarak 1,5 cm. Untuk kontrol menggunakan miselium patogen C. gloeosporioides tanpa perlakuan khamir. Setelah itu diinkubasi pada suhu ruangan dan diamati selama 7 hari dengan cara mengukur daya hambat antara khamir dengan patogen C. gloeosporioides. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji antagonisme khamir terhadap C. gloeosporioides secara in vivo pada buah PMD. Pengujian antagonisme vii vii khamir pada masing-masing genus khamir yang ditemukan dengan cara mengencerkan supsensi patogen C. gloeosporioides dengan kerapatan 10-6 spora/ml dan supsensi khamir 10-7 sel/ml. Kemudian buah PMD dengan bobot buah lebih kurang 1000 gram disterilkan dengan alkohol 70% dan aquades. Buah PMD yang sudah disterilkan disemprot dengan supsensi khamir dan diteteskan 30 μm supsensi patogen C. gloeosporioides dengan 3 titik pada buah PMD yaitu atas, tengah dan bawah. Untuk kontrol menggunakan supsensi patogen C. gloeosporioides tanpa perlakuan khamir. Buah PMD yang sudah diberikan perlakuan dimasukkan ke dalam box tertutup dan diinkubasi pada suhu ruangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke 6 dengan cara mengamati kejadian penyakit patogen C. gloeosporioides yang muncul pada buah PMD. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, sehingga total rancangan sebanyak 24 satuan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan total tujuh genus khamir dengan presentase daya hambat tertinggi adalah Candida sp. yaitu 46,06% secara in vitro dan 11,11% secara in vivo. Namun khamir Candida sp. berbahaya terhadap kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, genus khamir Metschnikowia sp. isolat 3 dapat digunakan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan patogen C. gloeosporioides dengan daya hambat 40,44% secara in vitro dan 33,33% secara in vivo. Mekanisme antagonisme genus khamir yang didapat adalah dengan kompetisi dan antibiosis. Mekanisme kompetisi ditunjukkan dengan lambatnya pertumbuhan koloni patogen C. gloesporioides ketika ditumbuhkan bersama dengan perlakuan khamir. Sedangkan mekanisme antibiosis ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona bening di sekitar khamir yang tidak ditumbuhi koloni patogen C. gloesporioides.
English Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya Linnaues) (Brassicales: Caricaceae) is a plant from the United States of America. In Indonesia, papaya plants generally grow spread in the lowland to the highland. The harvesting method of papaya fruit is done in an immature fruit. However, there are some obstacles in the process of storing papaya, one of which is the pathogen of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. (Melanconiales: Melanconiaceae). The symptoms of C. gloeosporioides pathogen on the fruits are appearance of dark brown spots that can causes the rottenness. Pathogenic symptoms of C. gloeosporioides on the fruits are appearance of dark brown spots that can causes the rottenness. Microbial antagonists that can be used to control anthracnose disease is Yeast. Yeast is an adaptive unicellular microorganism. This research was aimed to review the genus of yeasts to inhibit the growth and development of C. gloeosporioides that cause of anthracnose disease in papaya fruit which can be used as an alternative controls that are safe and environmentally friendly. The research was conducted at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture (FP), University of Brawijaya (UB), Malang, East of Java. It is implemented from January to June 2017. The research materials used are includes leaves, stems, and the fruit plant of Pepaya Merah Delima (PMD) that been obtained from Experiment Garden of FP UB at Jatikerto village, Kromengan sub-district, Malang District. The implementation of the research includes several stages, such as isolation of C. gloeosporioides pathogen from PMD fruit which on symptomatic of anthracnose, in the form of dark brown spots. And then the yeast's exploration from leaves, stems, and fruit of PMD. The yeast colonies that been discovered was identified to the level of the genus. Obtained 7 genus of yeasts from plant part of PMD. The yeast genus from the stems are Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Metschnikowia sp. isolat 1, Metschnikowia sp. isolat 2, and Pichia sp. And the yeast genus of the leaves i.e., Filobasidium sp., and Metschnikowia sp. isolat 3. Whereas, from the PMD fruit, the yeast cannot grow, it is indicated by there isn't the yeast colonies on Yeast Malt Agar (YMA) media. After that, the antagonist of Yeast against C. gloeosporioides did tested by in vitro. The testing on antagonist of yeast in each of the yeasts genus that been discovered, is done by scratches on the yeast on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) right in the middle of the Petri dish in an upright position as much as 1 loop Ose needle. Then the mycelium of C. gloeosporioides pathogen is taken with cork borer and placed on the right and left side of the yeast scratched with a distance of 1.5 cm. For control using mycelium of C. gloeosporioides pathogens without yeast treatment. After that it was incubated in room temperature and observed for 7 days by measuring the inhibitory power between yeast with C. gloeosporioides pathogens. After that, the antagonist of Yeast against C. gloeosporioides did tested by in vivo on PMD ix ix fruits. The testing on antagonist of yeast in each of the yeasts genus that been discovered, is done by dilutioning supsensi of C. gloeosporioides pathogens with a density of 10-6 spores/ml and yeast supsensi of 10-7 cells/ml. Then, the PMD fruits with a weight of approximately 1000 grams was sterilized with 70% alcohol and aquades. The PMD fruits that has been sterilized was sprayed with a yeast supsensi and dripping with 30 μm supsensi of C. gloeosporioides pathogens within 3 areas on PMD fruits i.e., on the top, middle, and bottom. For control using supsensi of C. gloeosporioides pathogens without yeast treatment. PMD fruit that was given the treated, then put it into a closed box and incubated in room temperature. Observations were made on 6th days by observing the incidence of C. gloeosporioides pathogenic disease that appeared on PMD fruits. Completely Randomized Design was applied with 8 treatments and 3 replications, so that the total design is 24 units. The end result of the research is found total of seven yeast genus with the highest percentage of inhibitory power is Candida sp. i.e., 46.06% by in vitro and 11.11% by in vivo. But, the Candida sp. is a harmful yeast, due its implications for human health classified as dangerous. Therefore, the genus yeast of Metschnikowia sp. isolat 3 can be used in inhibiting the growth of C. gloeosporioides pathogens with 40.44% inhibitory by in vitro and 33.33% by in vivo. The mechanism of the antagonist of yeast genus is obtained by competition and antibiosis. Competition mechanisms are indicated by C. gloeosporioides colonies growths that are quite slow when it is grown in tandem with yeast treatments. While, the antibiosis mechanism is indicated by the clear zone around of the yeast is not overgrown with the colonies of C. gloeosporioides pathogens.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/614/051710830 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 634 Orchards, fruits, forestry > 634.6 Tropical and subtropical fruits > 634.65 Papayas, avocados, mangosteens > 634.651 Papayas |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Dec 2017 07:16 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jun 2022 07:14 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/6544 |
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