Fauziah, Liesna Amelia (2017) Manajemen Bahan Organik Untuk Reklamasi Lahan Analisis Hubungan Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Pohon di lahan Timbunan Bekas Tambang Batubara PT Bukit Asam (Persero). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kerusakan lahan akibat kegiatan penambangan termasuk dalam sasaran reklamasi lahan sebagai upaya meningkatkan daya guna lahan. Faktor-faktor pembatas yang terdapat pada lahan bekas tambang batubara menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perakaran pohon tidak optimal. Penerapan revegetasi yang selama ini dilakukan PT. Bukit Asam (selanjutnya disebut PTBA) menggunakan pupuk Bokashi untuk membantu percepatan pertumbuhan pohon. Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) menjadi alternatif baru yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembenah tanah yang dapat membantu memperbaiki kesuburan tanah sekaligus membantu kecepatan laju pertumbuhan pohon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kompos TKKS dan bahan pembenah tanah lain (bokashi, topsoil) dalam memperbaiki kesuburan tanah dan pekembangan perakaran di lahan bekas tambang batubara. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan Agroforestri Tupak milik PTBA pada bulan Desember 2016 sampai April 2017. Alat-alat yang digunakan antara lain peralatan untuk pengambilan sampel tanah, bor akar, peralatan laboratorium untuk analisa kimia tanah, dan kamera digital. Bahan yang digunakan meliputi kompos TKKS, bokashi dan topsoil sebagai bahan organik, dan pohon yang digunakan yaitu pohon Merbau dan Sengon Buto berumur 3 bulan, serta bahan-bahan pendukung laboratorium tanah. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan faktor bahan organik dan peletakkan, terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Parameter pengamatan pohon muda meliputi pertumbuhan pohon, Lrv dan Drv, serta parameter sifat kesuburan tanah. Data pengamatan yang didapatkan dianalisis statistika menggunakan Analisis Ragam (ANOVA) dan untuk hasil pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan uji lanjutan dengan Uji Duncan Multiple Range (DMRT) pada taraf 5% menggunakan software GenStat 12th edition. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji regresi linier sederhana untuk melihat hubungan antara sifat kimia tanah dengan pertumbuhan pohon muda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kompos TKKS dan bahan organik lain berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan pohon muda di lahan timbunan bekas tambang batubara. Pada pohon Merbau, kompos TKKS menetralkan pH menjadi 6.8, meningkatkan C-organik 4.96%, N-total 0.49%, P-potensial 76.48 mg 100g-1, P-tersedia 56.94 ppm serta menurunkan Al-dd menjadi 0.18 me 100g-1. Peningkatan K-potensial paling efektif pada pemberian topsoil dengan nilai 87.03 mg 100g-1. Pada pohon Sengon kompos TKKS menetralkan pH menjadi 6.5, meningkatkan C-organik 4.41%, N-total 0.27%, P-tersedia 38.52 ppm, P dan K potensial berturut-turut 59.28 mg 100g-1 dan 79.62 mg 100g-1, mampu menurunkan Al-dd menjadi 0.03 me 100g-1. Kompos TKKS meningkatkan nilai Lrv dan Drv pada kedalaman 40 cm. Bahan organik memberikan hubungan positif antara kesuburan tanah dengan pertumbuhan pohon muda (Merbau dan Sengon).
English Abstract
Land damage due to mining activities is included in the land reclamation targets as an effort to increase land use to meet national needs. One of the institutions that conduct coal mining activities with open system is PT Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk (next called as PTBA). The limiting factors found in the former coal mine cause the growth and development of rooting of trees is not optimal. The application of revegetation which has been done by PTBA uses Bokashi fertilizer to help accelerate tree growth. Oil Palm Bunches Compost (TKKS) becomes a new alternative that can be used as a soil enhancer that can help improve soil quality more effectively while helping accelerate tree growth on former coal pile fields. Therefore, this study aims to test the compost of TKKS and other soil enhancers (bokashi, topsoil) in improving soil fertility and roots development in former coal mine fields. The implementation of this research was conducted at Tupak Agroforestry Estate owned by PTBA, from December 2016 until April 2017. The tools used include equipment for soil sampling, root drill, laboratory equipment for soil chemical analysis, and camera digital. Materials used include compost TKKS, bokashi and topsoil as organic material, and indicator of tree used are Merbau tree and Sengon Buto 3 month old. And soil laboratory support materials. The experimental design used in this study was Randomized Block Design (RAK) Factorial with organic material factor and laying, consisting of 3 replications. Parameter observation of young trees include height of tree, diameter of stem, number of leaves, number of branches, Lrv and Drv and root diameter measurement with specrol approach. Parameters of soil properties include soil pH, Al-hdd, C-organic, N-Total, C/N Ratios, Potential P and K as well as P-Available content. The observed data were analyzed statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and for the result of the real influence continued test with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level using GenStat 12th edition software. To see the relations between soil chemical properties with the growth of young trees was done by simple linear regression test. The results showed that the compost TKKS and other organic materials significantly affect the growth rate of young trees. In Merbau tree, compost TKKS neutralizes pH to 6.8, increases C-organic 4.96%, N-total 0.49%, P-potential 76.48 mg 100g-1, and increases P-available with value 56.94 ppm and is able to decrease Al-dd to 0.18 Me 100g-1. Increased K-potential is most effective on topsoil with 87.03 mg 100g-1. In addition, in the Sengon tree the TKKS compost neutralized the pH to 6.5, increasing the C-organic 4.41%, N-total 0.27%, P-available 38.52 ppm, P and K potential respectively 59.28 mg 100g-1 and 79.62 mg 100g-1, Able to decrease Al-dd to 0.03 me 100g-1. TKKS compost can increase the value of Lrv and Drv at a depth of 40 cm. In addition, the presence of organic matter provides a positive relationship between soil fertility and the growth of young trees (Merbau and Sengon).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/759/051710976 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Reklamasi Lahan, Kerusakan Lahan, Penambangan, Sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan Pohon |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.47 Soil and land-use surveys |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Nov 2017 08:58 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Oct 2020 11:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/5485 |
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