Tiyas, Yayuk Wahyuning (2017) Analisis Model Zero Waste Dengan Pendekatan Sistem Integrasi Usahatani Jagung Berbasis Peternakan Sapi Potong Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Di Desa Banyubang Kecamatan Solokuro Kabupaten Lamongan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sistem pertanian terpadu berupa integrasi antara sektor pertanian dan peternakan menjadi alternatif solusi sistem usahatani dengan tidak membuang hasil limbah ikutan dengan menggunakan konsep model zero waste (nol limbah). Potensi model zero waste memiliki prospek dapat meningkatkan hasil produktivitas melalui proses yang dilakukan dalam setiap tahapannya. Implementasi model zero waste dengan pendekatan sistem integrasi usahatani jagung berbasis peternakan sapi potong serta pengaruhnya terhadap pendapatan petani di Desa Banyubang Kecamatan Solokuro Kabupaten Lamongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model zero waste yang diterapkan di Desa Banyubang melalui integrasi usahatani jagung berbasis ternak sapi potong serta tingkat pendapatan petani sehingga penelitian diharapkan mampu memperbaiki model pertanian konvensional menjadi ramah lingkungan atau organik dan menghasilkan produk unggulan jagung. Potensi model pertanian zero waste perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman pangan melalui sistem usahatani yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Pemanfaatan limbah dari setiap prosesnya mampu memperpanjang siklus produksi sehingga menjadi nilai tambah tersendiri. Penggunaan limbah daun,batang dan kulit jagung yang dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk kompos dan pakan ternak secara langsung untuk pemeliharaan dan penggemukan badan ternak. Selanjutnya limbah peternakan berupa kotoran (fases) dan urine dapat digunakan sebagai energi alternatif biogas rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif dan uji statistik inferensial. Analisis kuantitatif digunakan untuk menghitung usahatani jagung yang dilakukan petani selama satu musim tanam mulai bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2016. Selanjutnya uji statistik inferensial yakni uji beda rata-rata (Independent sample t-test) digunakan untuk membandingkan tingkat pendapatan petani jagung integrasi dan non integrasi dengan taraf kesalahan α=5 %. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian yakni 2 populasi antara lain petani yang melakukan sistem integrasi usahatani jagung dan peternakan sapi potong yang menerapkan konsep model zero waste serta petani yang hanya melakukan sistem usahatani jagung murni. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan probability sampling dengan teknik cluster random sampling sehingga jumlah responden 34 orang. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan masing-masing jumlah responden untuk petani integrasi sebanyak 16 orang dan petani non integrasi sebanyak 18 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sistem integrasi usahatani jagung dan ternak sapi potong menggunakan model zero waste telah memanfaatkan produk dan limbah sesuai dengan konsep pertanian terpadu 4F (Food, Feed, Fertilizer, Fuel) sehingga berdampak positif terhadap kedua komponen sektor usahatani jagung dan peternakan ii sapi potong. Pengaplikasina model zero waste dari tanaman jagung dimanfatkan sebagai pakan sapi potong yang berguna dalam proses penggemukan berat badan sapi dan dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk kompos, sedangkan limbah dari ternak sapi potong berupa kotoran (fases) dan urine dapat dimanfaatkan petani sebagai pupuk organik untuk menambah tingkat kesuburan lahan pertanian jagung kemudian dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti elpiji bagi rumah tangga petani melalui instalasi biogas. Selanjutnya hasil analisis uji beda rata-rata (Independent sample t-test) pendapatan petani yang melakukan integrasi dan non integrasi menunjukan bahwa t hitung > t tabel dengan hasil angka 3.423> 2.0369 sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, dengan artian bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pendapatan antara petani yang menerapkan sistem integrasi usahatani jagung dan ternak sapi potong menggunakan model zero waste dengan petani yang hanya melakukan usahatani jagung murni. Total biaya variabel usahatani rata-rata per hektar petani integrasi sebesar Rp 6.434.636, biaya tetap Rp 247.905 sehingga total biaya Rp 6.682.541 sedangkan petani non integrasi biaya variabel sebesar Rp 7.855.981, biaya tetap Rp 189.506 sehingga total biaya Rp 8.045.487. Penggunaan limbah kotoran ternak sapi limbah jagung dimanfaatkan oleh petani integrasi sebagai tambahan pupuk organik untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah sehingga dapat memperkecil biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam proses usahatani jagung. Total penerimaan rata-rata per hektar usahatani jagung petani integrasi sebesar Rp 23.459.497 sedangkan petani non integrasi sebesar Rp 16.923.076. Pendapatan rata-rata per hektar usahatani jagung petani integrasi sebesar Rp 16.776.955 sedangkan petani non integrasi sebesar Rp 8.877.587, R/C Ratio petani integrasi sebesar 2.10 dan petani non integrasi sebesar 3.51 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua sistem usahatani jagung layak untuk dilakukan akan tetapi sistem integrasi usahatani jagung dan ternak sapi menggunakan model zero waste lebih tinggi dibandingkan non integrasi dan dapat memperpanjang siklus produk limbah hasil ikutannya. Pemanfaatan limbah kotoran ternak menjadi biogas mampu mneghasilkan substitusi LPG sebesar 1.15 Kg/3 hari sehingga menghemat biaya sebesar Rp 7.091. Kemudian energi biogas dapat mengganti LPG sebesar 11.5 tabung gas LPG dengan berat 3 Kg dan dapat menghemat biaya kebutuhan rumah tangga sebesar Rp 212.730/musim tanam. Saran pada penelitian ini sebaiknya pemerintah lebih mengembangkan pertanian model zero waste sehingga mampu menghasilkan produk pangan unggul melalui teknologi penggunaan limbah yang berasal dari sektor pertanian maupun peternakan sebagai pupuk organik selajutnya produktivitas mencapai hasil optimal serta dapat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pendapatan petani lokal.
English Abstract
The integrated agricultural system such as the integration between agriculture and livestock become alternative solution of farming system by not disposing waste result by using concept of zero waste model (zero waste). The potential of zero waste model has the prospect of improving productivity outcomes through a process undertaken in each stage. The implementation of zero waste model with corn farming integration system approach based on cattle farming and the influence on farmer’s income in the banyubang village solokuro subdistrict lamongan regency. The purpose of this research is to analyze the zero waste model that is applied in Banyubang Village through the integration of corn farming based on cattle farming and the farmer’s income so that the research is expected to improve the conventional farming model to be friendly environmental or organic and it produces the superior product of maize. Potential zero waste farming model needs to be developed to improve the productivity of food crops through environmentally friendly and sustainable farming system. Utilization of waste from each process is able to extend the production cycle so that it becomes its own added value. Use of leaf waste, stems and corn husk that can be used as a compost and animal feed directly for the maintenance and fattening of livestock. Furthermore, livestock waste in the form of feces and urine can be used as alternative energy of household biogas. The method used in this research was quantitative and inferential statistical test. Quantitative analysis is used to calculate the farming of maize done by farmers during one planting season from October to December 2016. Furthermore the inferential statistical test is the average different test (Independent sample t-test) used to compare the income level of corn farmers integration and non integration with α=5% error rate. There were two populations in this research. They were farmers who do the integration system of corn farming and cattle farming and it applied the concept of zero waste model and farmers who only do the system of pure corn farming. To take sampling, it used probability sampling method with proportional stratified random sampling technique so that the number of respondents was 34 people. Based on the calculation of each number of respondents for farmers integration, there were 16 people and non-integration farmers as many as 18 people. The results showed that the system integration of farming corn and cattle using a model of zero waste had leveraged products and wastes in accordance with the concept of integrated farming 4F (Food, Feed, Fertilizer, Fuel) made a positive impact on both the component sectors of farming corn and beef cattle breeding. The implementation of zero waste model from corn plants, it was used as feed for beef cattle that was useful in the process of fattening cattle weight and could be used as compost, while waste from cattle in the form of feces (fases) and urine could be used by farmers as organic manure to increase fertility corn farming land then, it could be used as alternative fuel of LPG replacement for farm household through biogas installation. iv Then, the results of different test average analysis (Independent sample t-test) the income of farmers who performed integration and non-integration showed that t> t table with the results of 3423 numbers> 2.0369 so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, with the sense that there were differences in the mean of the average income between farmers who applied the integrated system of corn and beef cattle farming using zero waste model with farmers who only did pure corn farming. The variable cost farming in every hectare on average farmer integration was Rp 6.434.636, the fixed costs was Rp 247.905, so the total of cost was Rp 6.682.541 while the non-integration of farmers was Rp 7.855.981 variable costs, the fixed costs was Rp 189.506, so the total of cost was Rp 8.045.487. The use of maize cattle dung waste was utilized by the integration farmers in addition to organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility so as to minimize the costs incurred in the process of corn farming. The total average revenue in every hectare of corn farmers integration farming was Rp 23.459.497 while non-integrated farmers was Rp 16.923.076. The average income in every hectare of corn farming of integration farmers was Rp 16.776.955 while non-integrated farmers was Rp 8.877.587, R/C Ratio of farmers integration was 3.51 and non farmers was 2.10. So it could be concluded that both of corn farming system was feasible to be done But the integration system of maize and cattle farming using zero waste model was higher than non integration and it could extend the cycle of waste products of its follow-up products. Utilization of livestock manure into biogas capable of producing LPG substitution of 1.15 Kg / 3 days thus saving the cost of Rp 7.091. Then biogas energy can replace LPG of 11.5 LPG gas cylinder with weight 3 Kg and can save cost of household need equal to Rp 212.730 / planting season. Suggestion in this research better government to develop zero waste farming model so that able to produce superior food product through technology of waste usage from agriculture and livestock sector as organic fertilizer selajutnya productivity reach optimal result and can influence to increase earnings of local farmer.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/420/051707649 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pendapatan Petani, Zero Waste, Sistem Integrasi, Usahatani, Jagung, Peternakan Sapi Potong |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.13 Financial aspects |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Nov 2017 08:01 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Nov 2020 13:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/5082 |
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