Dewanto, Ricco (2017) Uji Potensi Khamir Dalam Menghambat Alternaria sp. Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Daun Yang Diisolasi Dari Daun Epifit Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Khamir adalah kelompok mikroorganisme uniseluler yang memiliki bioekologi lebih adaptif pada permukaan tanaman yang kering yang tahan terhadap terpaan sinar matahari dan miskin nutrisi (El-Tarabily & Sivasithampaaram, 2006). Khamir mudah diperbanyak dalam waktu yang cepat, tidak menghasilkan mikotoksin seperti cendawan lain atau antibiotik seperti bakteri (Droby dan Chalutz, 1994). Beberapa contoh khamir yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur yaitu, sel khamir Rhodotorula glutinis telah terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Botrytis cinerea secara in vitro (Widyastuti, 2005). Sedangkan menurut Randhawa, et al. (2002) melaporkan adanya beberapa spesies Candida sp. yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus fumigates secara in vitro. Mekanisme antagonis khamir antara lain kompetisi ruang dan nutrisi, antibiosis, parasitisme, dan predasi. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh beberapa petani jeruk yaitu penyakit bercak daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Alternaria sp. Pada fase vegetatif tanaman jeruk, penyakit bercak daun juga menjadi masalah utama. Penyakit bercak daun pada tanaman jeruk yang disebabkan oleh jamur Alternaria sp. pertama kali dilaporkan terdapat di wilayah Afrika Selatan (Doidge, 1929). Penyakit yang disebabkan jamur Alternaria sp. menghasilkan bintik coklat sampai hitam pada daun muda dan buah pada tanaman jeruk. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 24 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah jenis khamir yang diperoleh dari daun tanaman jeruk siam. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi persiapan dan perlakuan penelitian. Persiapan penelitian meliputi pembuatan media, isolasi jamur Alternaria sp., isolasi khamir Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., dan Cryptococcus sp. Perlakuan penelitian yaitu uji antagonis khamir terhadap jamur Alternaria sp. secara in vitro pada media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) dan dilakukan pengamatan selama 10 hari. Hasil analisis uji Duncan pada taraf kesalahan 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa seluruh khamir tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Alternaria sp. Hal tersebut terlihat pada pengamatan hingga 10 hari setelah perlakuan (hsp) tidak menunjukkan adanya penghambatan dari ketiga khamir terhadap jamur Alternaria sp. pada media PDA. Pada penelitian ini khamir yang berhasil diisolasi dari daun tanaman jeruk siam adalah Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., dan Cryptococcus sp. Seluruh isolat khamir tersebut tidak berpotensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur Alternaria sp. pada tanaman jeruk siam.
English Abstract
Yeast is a group of unicellular microorganisms that have more adaptive bioecology on dry plant surface that is resistant to sun exposure and poor nutrition (El-Tarabily & Sivasithampaaram, 2006). Yeast is easily to duplicated in a short time, not producing mycotoxins like other fungi or antibiotics such as bacteria (Droby and Chalutz, 1994). Some examples of yeasts that can inhibit the growth of fungi are, Rhodotorula glutinis that have been shown to inhibit the growth of the Botrytin cinerea on in vitro method (Widyastuti, 2005). Meanwhile, according to Randhawa, et al. (2002) reported the existence of several species of Candida sp. which can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus fumigates on in vitro method. The mechanisms of yeast antagonism include space competition and nutrition, antibiosis, parasitism, and predation. Problems encountered by some citrus farmers are leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Alternaria sp. in the vegetative phase of citrus plants, leaf spot disease is also a main problem. Leaf spot disease on citrus plant caused by fungi Alternaria sp. First reported in the South African region (Doidge, 1929). Diseases caused by fungi Alternaria sp. causes brown to black spots on young leaves and fruit in citrus plants. This research used Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 6 replications, so that 24 units of experiments were obtained. The treatment was used the type of yeast obtained from the leaves of the Siam citrus plant. This research was divided into preparation and treatment of research. Preparation of the research includes the preparation of media, isolation of fungi Alternaria sp., Isolation of yeasts Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., and Cryptococcus sp. The treatment of this research was antagonistic test of yeast against the fungi Alternaria sp. with in vitro method on PDA media (Potato Dextrose Agar) and observed for 10 days. The result of Duncan test analysis at the 0.05 level of error showed that all the yeasts do not affect the growth of fungi Alternaria sp. This is seen in observations up to 10 days after treatment did not showed any inhibition of the three yeasts against Alternaria sp. on PDA media. In this research the yeasts that were isolated from Siam citrus leaves were Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., and Cryptococcus sp. All of these yeast isolates are not potential to inhibit the growth of Alternaria sp. colonies on Siam citrus plant.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/446/051707675 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis), Daun Epifit, Khamir, Alternaria sp, Bercak Daun |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.4 Fungus diseases |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Nov 2017 02:00 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jun 2022 01:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/4877 |
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