Aplikasi Bahan Aktif Biodekomposer Pada Brangkasan Jagung Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Biologi Dan Kimia Tanah

Sitohang, Rivika Fuari (2017) Aplikasi Bahan Aktif Biodekomposer Pada Brangkasan Jagung Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Biologi Dan Kimia Tanah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara agraris dimana sebagian penduduknya bermata pencaharian di bidang pertanian. Dampak penggunaan pupuk anorganik secara intensif sudah mulai dirasakan petani saat ini yaitu kesuburan tanah di Indonesia sudah mulai menurun. Menyadari kondisi kesuburan tanah di Indonesia yang menurun, maka akhir-akhir ini muncul konsep pertanian organik dan berkelanjutan yaitu pengembalian bahan organik ke lahan. Brangkasan jagung merupakan sisa panen hasil pertanian yang saat ini banyak dihasilkan. Seresah atau brangkasan jagung terdiri dari lignoselulosa yaitu 39-47% selulosa, 27%-32% hemiselulosa, dan 3%-5% lignin. Namun tingginya kadar selulosa dan lignin dari bahan organik ini merupakan kendala utama, karena proses dekomposisi secara alami akan berjalan lebih lama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi bahan aktif biodekomposer pada brangkasan jagung terhadap sifat biologi tanah dan pengaruh aplikasi bahan aktif biodekomposer pada brangkasan jagung terhadap sifat kimia tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah kaca dan Laboratorium Biologi Tanah BALITTANAH, Bogor pada bulan Januari-Mei 2017. Bahan aktif biodekomposer yang digunakan berasal dari Bacillus sp. dengan strain BK 2.1 dan BK 2.2, Azotobacter 70.2 , Methylobacterium TD-TPB3, Trichoderma sp. dengan strain Triv 13 dan T2. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P0 (Kontrol), P1 (Tanah + kompos kontrol), P2 (Tanah + kompos dengan penambahan bahan aktif biodekomposer dan MOL), P3 (Tanah + kompos dengan penambahan bahan aktif biodekomposer), P4 (Brangkasan jagung segar kontrol), P5 (Tanah + brangkasan jagung segar dengan penambahan bahan aktif biodekomposer dan MOL), P6 (Tanah + brangkasan jagung segar dengan penambahan bahan aktif biodekomposer). Sedangkan parameter penelitian yang digunakan adalah sifat biologi tanah (populasi bakteri, populasi jamur, C-mikroba, dan aktivitas dehidrogenase) dan sifat kimia tanah (pH, C-organik, N-total, C/N, KTK, P-Total, P-Tersedia, K-Total, dan K-Tersedia). Percobaan dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dengan Ms. Excel 2010 dan DSAASTAT versi 1.101. Apabila hasil menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan analisa uji lanjut yaitu uji DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, aplikasi bahan aktif biodekomposer pada brangkasan jagung berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat biologi tanah seperti populasi bakteri, populasi jamur, C-mikroba, dan aktivitas dehidrogenase. Perlakuan P5 pada 14 HSI memiliki populasi bakteri, populasi jamur, dan C-mikroba tertinggi berturut-turut 1,28 x 108 cfu.g-1, 3,28 x 103 cfu.g-1, dan 256,36 mg C kg-1. Pada 28 HSI, perlakuan P2 memiliki populasi bakteri dan C-mikroba tertinggi yaitu 6,11 x 107 cfu.g-1 dan 324,83 mg C kg-1. Perlakuan P5 memiliki populasi jamur dan aktivitas dehidrogenase tertinggi yaitu 1,21 x 103 cfu.g-1 dan 5,29 μg/g. Aplikasi bahan aktif biodekomposer pada brangkasan ii jagung berpengaruh nyata pada K-total dan K-tersedia. Akan tetapi, tidak berpengaruh nyata pada nilai pH, C-organik, N-total, C/N, KTK, P-total, dan P-tersedia. P6 (brangkasan jagung dengan bahan aktif biodekomposer) mampu meningkatkan pH 4,14 %, N-total 40 % saat 14 HSI. Sedangkan saat 28 HSI, P6 mampu meningkatkan pH, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, P-total, K-total, dan K-tersedia sebesar 8,51 %, 5,66 %, 15,65 %, 15,78 %, 6,75 %, 176,97 %, dan 320,35 % dibanding kontrol. P2 (Kompos dengan bahan aktif biodekomposer + MOL) meningkatkan C-organik 20,95 % saat 14 HSI. Pada 28 HSI, P3 (kompos dengan bahan aktif biodekomposer) meningkatkan C/N 5,17 % dan KTK 4,96 %. P2 dan P3 sama-sama mampu meningkatkan C/N 11,53% dan P3 meningkatkan KTK 14,74 % dibanding kontrol.

English Abstract

Indonesia is an agrarian country where most of its inhabitants work in agriculture. The impact of intensive use of inorganic fertilizers has begun to be felt by farmers today that the fertility of the soil in Indonesia has begun to decline. Recognizing the condition of soil fertility in Indonesia is declining, then lately emerged the concept of organic and sustainable agriculture is the return of organic materials back to the land. Corn stover is the harvest of agricultural produce that is currently produced. Litter or corn stover consists of lignocellulose like 39-47% cellulose, 27% -32% hemicellulose, and 3% -5% lignin. However, high levels of cellulose and lignin from organic matter is a major obstacle, because the process of decomposition will naturally run longer. This research was conducted to determine the effect of biodecomposer active ingredient application on corn stover to soil biological properties and the effect of biodecomposer active ingredient application on corn stover to soil chemical properties. This research was conducted in Greenhouse and Soil Biology Laboratory of BALITTANAH, Bogor from January to May 2017. The biodecomposer active ingredient used is derived from Bacillus sp. with strains of BK 2.1 and BK 2.2, Azotobacter 70.2, Methylobacterium TD-TPB3, Trichoderma sp. with strains Triv 13 and T2. The treatments used were P0 (Control), P1 (Soil + Compost control), P2 (Soil + compost with addition of biodecomposer active ingredients and MOL), P3 (Soil + compost with addition of biodecomposer active ingredients), P4 (fresh corn stover control) , P5 (Soil + fresh corn stover with addition of biodecomposer active ingredients and MOL), P6 (Soil + fresh corn stover with addition of biodecomposer active ingredient). While the research parameters used were soil biological properties (bacterial population, fungi population, C-microbe, and dehydrogenase activity) and soil chemical properties (pH, C-organic, N-total, C/N, CEC, P-Total, P -Available, K-Total, and K-Available). The experiment was designed using Group Random Design (RAK) with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) by Ms. Excel 2010 and DSAASTAT versions 1.101. If the results show significantly different then continued with advanced test analysis that is DMRT test (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) at 5% level. Based on the result of research indicate that application of biodecomposer active ingredient on corn stover has significant effect on soil biology characteristic such as bacterial population, fungi population, C-microbe, and dehydrogenase activity. The treatment of P5 at 14 HSI had the highest bacterial populations, fungi population, and C-microbe respectively 1,28 x 108 cfu.g-1, 3,28 x 103 cfu.g-1, and 256,36 mg C kg- 1. At 28 HSI, P2 treatment had the highest bacterial populations and C-microbe of 6,11 x 107 cfu.g-1 and 324,83 mg C kg-1. The P5 treatment had the highest fungal population and dehydrogenase activity of 1,21 x 103 cfu.g-1 and 5,29 μg/g. The Application of biodecomposer active ingredients on corn stover has a significant effect on K-total and K-available. However, there was no significant effect on pH, C-organic, N-total, C / N, CEC, iv P-total, and P-available values. P6 (corn stover with biodecomposer active ingredient) can increase pH 4.14%, N-total 40% at 14 HSI. While at 28 HSI, P6 was able to increase the pH, C-organic, N-total, P-available, P-total, K-total, and K-available by 8.51%, 5.66%, 15.65% 15.78%, 6.75%, 176.97%, and 320.35% respectively. P2 (Compost with biodekomposer active ingredient + MOL) increases C-organic 20.95% at 14 HSI. At 28 HSI, P3 (compost with biodecomposer active ingredients) increased C/N 5.17% and CEC 4.96%. P2 and P3 are both able to increase C/N 11,53% and P3 increase KTK 14,74% than control.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2017/341/051706864
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Sifat Tanah, Biodekomposer, Jagung, Pupuk Anorganik
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.41 Soil chemistry
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah
Depositing User:	Yusuf Dwi N.
Date Deposited:	02 Nov 2017 02:00
Last Modified:	22 Jun 2022 08:34
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/4730

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