Agustin, Sri Endah (2017) Kajian Aplikasi Urea, Dan Kompos Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Serta Pertumbuhan Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pada Tanah Terdampak Erupsi Gunung Kelud. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Gunung Kelud merupakan salah satu gunung berapi paling aktif di Indonesia, yang terletak di perbatasan antara Kabupaten Kediri, Kabupaten Blitar, dan Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Gunung Kelud memiliki tipe letusan eksplosif sehingga saat terjadinya letusan pada 13 Februari 2014, dampak sebaran abu vulkanik yang mencapai radius 200-300 km menimbulkan kerusakan pada tanaman pertanian, salah satunya di Desa Trisulo Kabupaten Kediri. Tanah terdampak erupsi merupakan tanah yang tertimbun oleh penambahan abu vulkanik dan material pasir yang berdampak negatif pada kesuburan lahan. Sifat kimia tanah terdampak erupsi Kelud menunjukkan pH tanah agak masam dengan nilai 5,95-6,20, C-organik termasuk dalam kriteria rendah dengan nilai 1,53%, kandungan N tergolong rendah sebesar 0,214%. Sehingga kurang efisien jika dilakukan pengelolaan tanah dengan manajemen pemupukan anorganik saja. Oleh karena itu penambahan bahan organik seperti kotoran ayam dan sapi yang dikomposkan agar menyediakan unsur hara yang dapat dimanfaatkan tanaman dalam proses pertumbuhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengevaluasi pengaruh aplikasi urea, kompos kotoran ayam dan sapi terhadap sifat kimia tanah terdampak erupsi Gunung Kelud (2) mengevaluasi pengaruh aplikasi urea, kompos kotoran ayam, dan sapi terhadap pertumbuhan jagung pada tanah terdampak erupsi Gunung Kelud. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya pada Mei 2016 hingga Februari 2017. Pengambilan sampel tanah berasal dari Desa Trisulo, Kecamatan Posoklaten, Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari A1 ( 100% Urea), A2 (100% Kompos kotoran ayam), A3 (100% Kompos kotoran sapi), A4 (50% Urea + 50% Kompos kotoran ayam), dan A5 (50% Urea + 50% Kompos kotoran sapi). Variabel pengamatan meliputi pH, N-total, C-organik, C/N rasio, KTK, KB tanah serta tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah daun tanaman jagung. Hasil penelitian diuji dengan ANOVA untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari perlakuan, apabila didapatkan pengaruh nyata diuji dengan DMRT untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan dan korelasi untuk mengetahui keeratan antar parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kompos kotoran ayam dan sapi masing-masing dosis 100% (12,27 ton ha-1 dan 18,73 ton ha-1) berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan pH dan KTK tanah terdampak erupsi Gunung Kelud dibandingkan penggunaan 100% Urea dan dapat mensubtitusi penggunaan 50% Urea. Sedangkan untuk nilai N-total tanah, hanya aplikasi 100% (12,27 ton ha-1) kompos kotoran ayam yang dapat mensubtitusi 50% Urea. Aplikasi kompos kotoran ayam dan sapi masing-masing dosis 100% (12,27 ton ha-1 dan 18,73 ton ha-1) berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan jumlah daun tanaman jagung, dan dapat mensubtitusi penggunaaan 100% (288 kg ha-1) Urea, meskipun jumlah daun tertinggi didapatkan pada dosis kombinasi 50% Urea dan 50% Kompos kotoran ayam.
English Abstract
Mount Kelud is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, located on the border between Kediri regency, Blitar regency, and Malang regency, East Java Province. Mount Kelud has explosive type of eruption so that when the eruption occurred on February 13, 2014, the volcanic ash reaches a radius of 200-300 km causing damage to agricultural crops, one of them in the Trisulo Village Kediri. The affected soil is an accumulation of soil with addition of volcanic ash and sand material negatively impacted the fertility of the soil. The soil chemical properties on the soil afected by Kelud have slightly acid soil pH of 5,95-6,20, C-organic was in low criteria with value 1,53%, Total N also was in a low criteria with value 0,214%. So it less efficient if the land management only by managing inorganic fertilization only. Therefore tje addition of organic materials such as chicken manure, and cow manure that are composted to provide nutrients that can be utilized by plants in the growth process. The purpose of this research is (1) To evaluate the effect of urea, chicken, and cow manure compost application on soil chemical properties of soil affected by Mount Kelud eruption, (2) To evaluate the effect of urea, chicken, and cow manure compost application on growth of maize on soil affected by Mount Kelud Eruption. This research was conducted in greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty Universitas Brawijaya at May 2016 until February 2017. The soil samples were taken from Trisulo Village, Posoklaten district, Kediri regency. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatment and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of A1 (100% Urea), A2 (100% Composted chicken manure), A3 (100% Composted cow manure), A4 (50% Urea + 50% Composted chicken manure), and A5 (50% Urea + 50% Composted cow manure). Variables of the observation including soil pH, soil N-total, soil C-organic, soil C/N ratio, soil CEC and plant height, and number of leaves of maize. The data is analysed by ANOVA to know the effect of treatments, if have significant effect using a comparison of mean by DMRT to know the difference between treatments and correlation to know correlation between variables. The results showed that application of chicken and cow manure compost with dosage 100% (12,27 ton ha-1 and 18,73 ton ha-1) each significantly increased pH and CEC of soil affected by Mount Kelud Eruption compared to the use of 100% Urea and can substitute the use of 50% Urea. As for the N-total of soil, only 100% (12,27 ton ha-1) each application of chicken manure compost can substitute 50% Urea. Application of chicken and cow manure compost with dosage 100% (12,27 ton ha-1 and 18,73 ton ha-1) each significantly increase the number of leaves of maize plants, and can substitute the use of 100% (288 kg ha-1) Urea, although the highest leaf number obtained in combination dosage of 50% Urea and 50% Chicken manure compost.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/335/051706858 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Tanah Erupsi, Pupuk, Urea, Kompos, Jagung (Zea mays L.) |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Nov 2017 07:36 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Aug 2020 10:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/4694 |
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