Manik, Pristober M (2017) Pengaruh Bahan Organik, Tanaman Paitan Dan Mulsa Terhadap Sifat Fisik Material Letusan Gunung Kelud Dan Tinggi Bibit Pohon. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Erupsi Gunung Kelud pada tanggal 13 Februari 2014 silam mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas lahan, terutama sifat fisik tanah diantaranya peningkatan berat isi, penurunan porositas, laju permeabilitas menurun dan air tersedia yang rendah. Oleh karena irtu perbaikan sifat fisik lahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan profuktivitas lahan. Peambahan bahan organik pada penanaman tanaman pionir seperti Thitonia diversifolia (Ttd) dapat digunakan. Perubahan dari sifat fisik tersebut dapat membantu pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini meliputi percobaan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Percobaan lapang dilaksanakan selama 12 bulan (Februari 2016–Februari 2017) di Desa Pandansari, Ngantang, Malang. Plot percobaan (masing-masing 1m x 1m) ditutupi dengan material letusan setebal 25 cm. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang. Rancangan penelitian terdiri dari tiga petak utama (K1= 6 bulan pembenaman biomassa Ttd; K2 = 6 bulan pembenaman biomassa Ttd + dua bulan tanpa pembenaman; K3 = 6 bulan pembenaman biomassa Ttd + empat bulan tanpa pembenaman). Tiga sumber bahan organik (Bpk = pupuk kandang sapi; Bub = daun ubi jalar; Btd = daun Ttd) dikombinasikan dengan tanaman Thitonia diversifolia (Ttd) dan teknik pemulsaan (M1 = dengan mulsa; M0 = tanapa mulsa) diaplikan ke material letusan. Semua perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Material letusan dicampur dan diinkuasi dnegan bahan organik, kemudian Ttd ditanama dua minggu setelah pembenaman. Contoh tanah diambil dari material letusan yang diberi perlakuan dan tanah tertimbun sesuai dengan waktu K1, K2 dan K3. Pada waktu yang bersamaan tinggi bibit pohon sengon (Albizia chinensis) dan pisang (Musa paradisiaca) diukur. Sifat fisik tanah yang dianaliisi meliputi berat isi, berat jenis, kadar air pada berbagai potensial, distribusi ukuran pori, total porositas, air tersedia, permeabilitas dan stabilitas agregat dan dianalisis di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah Universitas Brawijaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan organik, Ttd dan mulsa menurunkan berat isi (0.14 - 0.23 g cm-3), meningkatkan total porositas (5.19 - 12.23%) dan permeabilitas (23.32 - 34.11 cm hr-1) material letusan (nyata pada K2 dan K3 tapi tidak pada K1). Perubahan sifat fisik tersebut terjadi seiring lamanya waktu aplikasi. Perlakuan mulsa pada materal letusan menunjukkan berat isi yang lebih rendah (0.03 - 0.05g cm-3), total porositas lebih tinggi (0.57 - 4.6%) dan permeabilitas lebih (5.55 - 10.31 cm hr-1) dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan mulsa. Kombinasi perlakuan bahan organik, Ttd dan mulsa pada material letusan mengarah ke peningkatan porositas total, peningkatan kadar air tersedia, stabilitas agregat dan persen pori makro pada tanah tertimbun. Penurunan berar isi, peningkatan total porositas dan permeabilitasberpengaruh secara nyata terhadap tinggi bibit pohon sengon (Albizia chinensis) dan pisang (Musa paradisiaca).
English Abstract
The eruption of Mt. Kelud on 13 February 2014 caused the decrease of land quality, especially the soil physical properties such as increasing bulk density, the decreasing porocity, permeability rate and low available water capacity. Hands improvement of physical properties is neceserry to increase land productivity. For this purpose locally available organic matter in wild plants such as Thitonia diversifolia (Ttd) can be used. Changes in physical properties that occur are expected to support the growth of plants. This research included field experiments and laboratory analysis. Field experiment was conducted for 12 months (February 2016-February 2017) Pandansari village, Ngantang, Malang. Plot experiments (each 1m x 1m size) were covered with 25 cm thick pyroclastic materials. This research used Nested Plot Design consisted of three main plots (K1 = six months Ttd pruned biomass application; K2 = six months Ttd pruned biomass application + two months without pruning; K3 = six months Ttd pruned biomass application + four months without pruning). Three sources of organic matters (Bpk = Cow dung manure; Bub: Sweet potato leaves; Btd: Thitonia difersifolia leaves), in combination with Tithonia difersifolia (Ttd) and mulch techniques (M1 = With mulch; M0 = Without mulch) were applied. All treatments were replicated three times. The pyroclastic materials mixed and incubated with organic matters, then Ttd were planted two weeks after. Soil samples were taken from treated pyroclastic materials and soil layer below in accordance to K1, K2 andK3 period. At the same time height of Albizia chinensis dan Musa paradisiaca were measured. Soil physical properties such as bulk density, particle density, total porosity, available water content, permeability and aggregate stability were analyze at Soil Physics Laboratory of Brawijaya University. The result showed that organic matter, Ttd and mulch decrease bulk density (0.14 - 0.23 g cm-3), increased total porosity (5.19 - 12.23%) and permeability (23.32 - 34.11 cm hr-1) of pyroclastic materials (siqnificantly in K2 and K3 but not in K1). The changes of physical properties were following the longer of treatment period. Mulch treated materals showed lower bulk density (0.03 - 0.05g cm-3), higher total porosity (0.57 - 4.6%) and higher permeability (5.55 - 10.31 cm hr-1) compared to untreated materials. Combinations of organic matters, Ttd and mulch treatments of pyroclastic materials tend to increasing total porosity, increasing available moisture content, aggregate stability and percent macro pores in soil layer below. Decreasing of bulk density, increasing of total porosity and permeability siqnificantly effect height of Albizia chinensis dan Musa paradisiaca.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/295/051706354 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Erupsi Gunung Kelud, Material Letusan Gunung Kelud, Penurunan Kualitas Lahan, Pertumbuhan Tanaman |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.8 Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Oct 2017 04:15 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Oct 2020 07:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/4272 |
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