Biologi Tungau Merah Tetranychus urticae Pada Beberapa Varietas Stroberi

Binardy A, Albertus Widi (2017) Biologi Tungau Merah Tetranychus urticae Pada Beberapa Varietas Stroberi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Stroberi Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae) merupakan tanaman buah herba subtropis asal Chili, Amerika Latin yang telah banyak dikenal dan dibudidayakan di dunia. Meskipun bukan merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia, perkembangan komoditas stroberi menjadi salah satu sumber penghasilan dalam sektor pertanian, terutama di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya stroberi adalah serangan hama tungau merah Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Penelitian tentang biologi tungau T. urticae pada beberapa varietas stroberi di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan, sehingga informasi tentang varietas stroberi yang disukai tungau T. urticae perlu dikaji. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan 3, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei sampai Desember 2016. Pengamatan biologi tungau T. urticae meliputi perkembangan pradewasa, lama hidup imago betina dan jantan serta keperidian tungau T. urticae pada daun stroberi Varietas Sweet Charlie, California dan Festsival dilakukan dengan 20 kali ulangan. Pengamatan perkembangan pradewasa tungau T. urticae dilakukan terhadap telur tungau T. urticae setiap 3 jam sekali untuk mengamati perkembangan mulai fase larva hingga imago. Pengamatan lama hidup imago jantan dan betina serta keperidian tungau T. urticae dilakukan terhadap 60 pasang imago T. urticae yang muncul pada hari yang sama. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari untuk mencatat umur imago hingga mati serta telur yang dihasilkan. Data perkembangan biologi tungau T. urticae dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Apabila hasil analisis menunjukkan pengaruh varietas stroberi berpengaruh nyata terhadap biologi tungau T. urticae, akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan tungau T. urticae lebih baik pada inang inang daun stroberi Varietas Sweet Charlie dibandingkan California dan Festival. Hal tersebut terlihat dari perkembangan pradewasa tungau T. urticae yang lebih singkat pada inang daun stroberi Varietas Sweet Charlie yakni 9,03 hari, sementara 9,88 dan 9,63 hari pada Varietas California dan Festival. Lama hidup imago betina lebih lama pada Varietas Sweet Charlie serta keperidian yang tinggi pada Varietas Sweet Charlie yakni 46,75 butir, sementara 30 dan 43,70 butir telur pada Varietas California dan Festival. Kesesuaian Varietas Sweet Charlie dibandingkan California dan Festival sebagai inang tungau T. urticae disebabkan karena kerapatan trikoma daun stroberi Varietas Sweet Charlie yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan California dan Festival. Kerapatan trikoma yang rendah memudahkan tungau bergerak, mencari makan dan meletakkan telur.

English Abstract

Strawberry, Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae) is a subtropical herbaceous crop from Chile, Latin America which has been well known. Although strawberry was not origin from Indonesia, the development of strawberry had has great influence in agricultural sector, especially in Batu, East Java. One of the main problem in strawberry cultivation was red mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari; Tetranychidae). There was lack of research about the biology of red mite on strawberry varieties in Batu, East Java, thus information about red mite preferences in strawberry varieties was needed. This research was expected to be useful and provide informations as a basis for the integrated pest management development (IPM) of T. urticae on strawberry. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Pests 3, Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya from May to December 2016. T. urticae mites was obtained from strawberry plantation in Strawberry Gardens Kusuma Agrowisata, Batu. Observation and mite rearing were done with experimental arena which made of a Petri dish filled with foam and cotton and always saturated by water. Strawberry leaves were placed on top of the cotton. Observations of biology T. urticae consist of pre adult development, adult female and male longevity and fecundity on several strawberry varieties which were Sweet Charlie, California and Festival varieties with 20 repetitions. Observations of pre adult development T. urticae was done on egg stage every 3 hours until it became an adult. Observation of longevity and fecundity of adult males and females T. urticae was conducted on 60 pairs of adult stage which were emerged on the same day. Observation was done every day to record the age of adult and eggs produced. Development and biology data of T. urticae were analyzed with analysis of variance at the level of 5% error. If the analysis was showed significantly influence, then followed by Least Significant Difference test at the 5% error level. The results showed that the development of mite T. urticae on Sweet Charlie variety leaves was better than on California and Festival varieties. T. urticae pre adult development was reached the shortest level on Sweet Charlie variety recorded 9.03 days, and on California and Festival varieties were 9.88 and 9.63 days, respectively. The adult female longevity and fecundity reached the highest level both on Sweet Charlie variety recorded 46.75 eggs was laid. On the other hand, 30 and 43.70 eggs was laid on California and Festival varieties, respectively. Sweet Charlie variety was more suitable for T. urticae than California amd Festival varieties caused by trichoma density of Sweet Charlie variety was lower than California and Festival varieties. The lower rate of trichoma density made mite easily to mobile, feeding and laid their egg.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2017/209/051704281
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Tungau Merah (Tetranychus urticae), Stroberi Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae), Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests > 632.654 2 Animal pests (Mites)
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Depositing User:	Yusuf Dwi N.
Date Deposited:	20 Oct 2017 07:28
Last Modified:	17 Jun 2022 07:49
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/4104

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