Fernando, Ito (2017) Preferensi Dan Biologi Tungau Acarus siro Pada Beras Putih, Merah Dan Hitam Dalam Kondisi Butiran Utuh Dan Patah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Di Indonesia beras menjadi makanan pokok utama serta produk pertanian terpenting. Terdapat berbagai macam jenis beras yang dikonsumsi di Indonesia antara lain beras putih, merah dan hitam. Proses budidaya tanaman padi serta kegiatan pascapanen menentukan kuantitas dan kualitas beras yang dihasilkan. Beras dapat mengalami kerusakan apabila tidak dilakukan penanganan yang baik dan benar saat proses penyimpanannya. Salah satu spesies tungau gudang yang penting dan menimbulkan permasalahan di penyimpanan adalah Acarus siro L. (Acari: Acaridae). Pengaruh jenis beras terhadap kesesuaian hidup hama gudang terutama tungau belum banyak diketahui, sehingga penelitian mengenai preferensi dan biologi tungau gudang A. siro pada berbagai jenis dan struktur beras perlu dikaji. Pengetahuan tentang preferensi dan biologi tungau A. siro pada beras tersebut akan memberi informasi dasar dalam pengelolaan tungau gudang A. siro pada tempat penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2016 sampai Januari 2017 di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Tungau A. siro diperoleh dari Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian, Surabaya. Beras yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah beras putih organik varietas IR 64, beras merah organik varietas Aek Sibundong dan beras hitam organik varietas Hare kwa, yang masing-masing disiapkan dalam butiran utuh dan patah. Penelitian preferensi dilakukan pada sangkar preferensi yang terbuat dari modifikasi cawan Petri. Pengamatan preferensi tungau A. siro meliputi jumlah imago yang hadir dan jumlah telur yang diletakkan pada masing-masing beras. Selanjutnya, pengamatan biologi tungau A. siro meliputi perkembangan pradewasa, siklus hidup, lama hidup imago jantan dan betina, serta keperidian. Selain itu, pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan studi nisbah kelamin tungau A. siro. Penentuan nisbah kelamin tungau A. siro dilakukan dengan cara menempatkan sepasang imago pada arena percobaan dengan pakan berupa ragi. Data preferensi dan biologi tungau A. siro dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Apabila dari hasil analisis menunjukkan data yang berbeda nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tungau A. siro lebih menyukai hadir dan meletakkan telurnya pada beras merah patah dan beras hitam patah. Perkembangan tungau A. siro juga lebih baik pada beras merah patah dan beras hitam patah. Hal tersebut terlihat dari perkembangan pradewasa yang singkat, lama hidup imago jantan dan betina yang lama, dan keperidian yang tinggi pada beras merah patah dan beras hitam patah. Beras merah patah dan beras hitam patah merupakan pakan yang disukai dan sesuai untuk perkembangan tungau A. siro.
English Abstract
Rice is the main staple food and one of the most important agricultural product in Indonesia. There are several rice types that consumed in Indonesia, such as white rice, red rice and black rice. The farming management and field operations as well as the postharvest operations determine the quantity and the quality of the rice. Rice can be a subject to deterioration when not properly stored. The flour mite Acarus siro L. (Acari: Acaridae) is one of the commonest and major pest of stored foodstuff in storage.There is not many reports on the effect of rice type to the preference and biology of stored product mite A. siro, thus information about preference and biology of this mite need to be studied. This research was expected to be useful to provide information as a basis for the development of integrated pest management (IPM) A. siro on storage facilities. Research was conducted from August 2016 to January 2017 at the Laboratory of Plant Pest, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. Acarus siro mite culture were obtained from Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian Surabaya (The Agricultural Quarantine Major Service of Surabaya). Rice that were used in this research were organic white rice IR 64 variety, organic red rice Aek Sibundong variety and organic black rice Hare Kwa variety, and each rice types was prepared in whole and crushed grain condition. Preference research was conducted using preference cages, that were made from modification of Petri dish. The observation of A. siro mite preference consist of the number of adults present and the number of eggs laid in each rice types. After that, the observation of A. siro biology consist of preadult development, life cycle, adult longevity and fecundity. In addition, in this research the study of A. siro mite sex ratio was also conducted. The determination of A. siro mite sex ratio was done by placing a pair of adult in the arena with yeast as the main diet, this research was replicated 20 times. The data on preference and biology were analysed by analysis of variance at 5% error level. If the results of the analysis showed significantly different, the data were analysed with Least Significant Difference Test at level 5% error. The results showed that A. siro mite preferred to present and to lay their eggs in crushed grain red rice and crushed grain black rice. The growth of A. siro mite was also more suitable in crushed red rice and crushed black rice. It was seen from shorter pre-adult development, longer adult male and female longevity, and higher fecundity in crushed grain red rice and crushed grain black rice. Crushed grain red rice and crushed grain black rice were the food that preferred and suitable for the development of A. siro mite.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/208/051704280 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Beras, Budidaya Tanaman Beras, Penyimpanan Beras, Tungau Acarus siro |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.18 Rice > 633.189 Rice (Injuries, diseases, pests) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Yusuf Dwi N. |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Oct 2017 07:18 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Jun 2022 07:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/4101 |
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