Sholikhah, Lisa Imro’atus (2017) Bioavailabilitas Kalsium dalam Serbuk, Ekstrak Air dan Ekstrak Pekat Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kalsium merupakan mineral terbanyak dalam tubuh yaitu 1,5 – 2 % dari berat badan orang dewasa. Salah satu fungsi kalsium yaitu membentuk tulang dan gigi. Kebutuhan kalsium bagi remaja dan dewasa berkisar 1.000 – 1.200 mg/hari. Namun asupan kalsium harian orang Indonesia masih seperempat dari jumlah tersebut. Kekurangan kalsium ini menyebabkan peningkatan penderita osteoporosis dan stunting yang setiap tahun. Susu terkenal sebagai sumber kalsium yang baik. Namun, harga mahal dan penyakit lactose intolerance membatasi konsumsi susu. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) mengandung kalsium sebesar 185 mg/100 g berat basah, berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengganti susu. Akan tetapi, kandungan oksalat daun kelor dapat mengurangi bioavailabilitas kalsium. Bentuk sediaan suplemen daun kelor seperti serbuk, ekstrak air dan ekstrak pekat dapat memiliki bioavailabilitas kalsium yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membandingkan pengaruh perbedaan bentuk sediaan suplemen daun kelor sebagai sumber kalsium terhadap bioavailabilitas kalsium pada tikus wistar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) yang terdiri dari 5 kelompok perlakuan. Tikus dipilih random untuk dikelompokkan sebagai berikut: kontrol (diet normal tanpa suplemen), perlakuan 1 (diet normal + serbuk daun kelor), perlakuan 2 (diet normal + ekstrak air daun kelor), perlakuan 3 (diet normal + ekstrak pekat daun kelor dosis 1) dan perlakuan 4 (diet normal + ekstrak pekat daun kelor dosis 2). Intervensi selama 64 hari untuk mendepositkan kalsium dalam tulang. Hari ke- 65, tikus dianasthesi dan dibedah, tulang femur diambil untuk dianalisis kadar kalsium menggunakan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk sediaan suplemen daun kelor berpengaruh nyata terhadap asupan kalsium, deposit kalsium di tulang femur, dan bioavailabilitas kalsium. Tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi pakan, berat badan tikus, panjang dan berat tulang femur serta kadar abu tulang femur tikus wistar. Kadar kalsium sediaan daun kelor: serbuk 155,5 ppm, ekstrak air 96,68 ppm, dan ekstrak pekat 131,3 ppm. Kadar oksalat: serbuk sebanyak 1.987 mg/100 g, ekstrak air sebanyak 7,93 mg/100 g, dan ekstrak pekat sebanyak 1 mg/100 g. Nilai bioavailabilitas kalsium serbuk 4,7%, ekstrak air 5,2%, ekstrak pekat dosis 1 6,9% dan ekstrak pekat dosis 2 7,3%.
English Abstract
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body constitutes 1.5 - 2% of adult body weight. Among its functions in the human body are building up bones and forming teeth. Calcium requirement of adolescent and adult is ranging between 1,000 - 1,200 mg/day. However, daily intake of Calcium by most Indonesians provides only a quarter of that amount. This deficiency may lead to the increasing number of osteoporosis and stunting problems every year. Milk is a well-known and good source of calcium. However, the expensive price and the incidence of lactose intolerance limit its consumption. Drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera) contains calcium of 185 mg/100 g on fresh wet basis, thus can be an excellent alternative supplement to milk. However, the oxalate content of drumstick leaves may reduce the bioavailability of calcium. Drumstick leaves supplements prepared in different forms such as powder, water extract and concentrate may have differences in Calsium bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different forms of drumstick leaves supplement as a source of calcium on calcium bioavailability in Wistar rats. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Design consisted of 5 groups of treatment. Rats were randomly assigned to one of the five groups treatments as follows: a control group (normal diet without drumstick supplement), powder supplement group (normal diet + drumstick leaves powder), water extract supplement group (normal diet + water extract of drumstick leaves), concentrate supplement dose 1 group (normal diet + concentrate of drumstick leaves dose 1) and concentrate supplement dose 2 group (normal diet + concentrate of drumstick leaves dose 2). Intervention was done for 64 days to allow sufficient time for Ca deposition in the bones. On day 65th, rats were anaesthetised and killed, femur bones were taken to be analysed for calcium content by using AAS The results showed that differences in the form of drumstick leaves supplements altered calcium intake, calcium deposit in femur bone, and calcium bioavailability significantly. However, it had no significant effect on diet consumption, weight gain, bone length, bone weight and ash content of femur bone. Calcium contents of drumstick leaf supplements were as follows: powder of 155,5 ppm, water extract of 96.68 ppm, and concentrated extract of 131.3 ppm. The oxalate contents were: 1987 mg/100 g of powder, 7.93 mg/100 g of water extract, and 1 mg/100 g of concentrated extract. Calcium bioavailability of powder supplement was 4.7%, water extract was 5.2%, concentrated extract dose 1 was 6.9% and concentrated extract dose 2 was 7.3%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2017/612/051710069 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | bioavailabilitas kalsium, daun kelor (Moringa oleifera), tulang femur, oksalat |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.3 Edible leaves, flowers, stems |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Oct 2017 06:40 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Dec 2020 15:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/3947 |
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