Danaparamita, Galuh Hayu (2017) Pengaruh Tingkat Ketebalan Mulsa Sekam Pada 2 Varietas Tanaman Gandum (Triticum Aestivum L.) Di Dataran Medium. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Gandum termasuk salah satu tanaman serealia yang berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan pangan alternatif. Konsumsi tepung terigu di Indonesia tahun 2014 mencapai 5,35 juta ton atau naik sekitar 4,1% dibandingkan tahun 2012. Tanaman gandum umumnya ditanam di dataran tinggi dan varietas yang digunakan adalah Dewata dan Selayar. Perlakuan tingkat ketebalan mulsa bertujuan untuk menjaga kelembaban tanah dan menekan laju evaporasi tanah, agar ketersediaan air bagi tanaman dapat terpenuhi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh macam varietas dan tingkat ketebalan mulsa sekam pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum yang ditanam di wilayah dataran medium dan menentukan macam varietas dan tingkat ketebalan mulsa sekam yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum di wilayah dataran medium. Hipotesis penelitian yaitu macam varietas yang berbeda memerlukan tingkat ketebalan mulsa yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan Juni sampai September 2016 di Desa Tegalgondo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kota Malang. Alat yang digunakan cangkul, kamera digital, penggaris atau meteran, plastik, gunting, timbangan analitik, LAM (Leaf Area Meter), oven, thermometer dan soil moisture. Bahan tanam yang digunakan benih gandum varietas Dewata, varietas Selayar, pupuk urea, pupuk KCl dan pupuk SP36. Rancangan perlakuan penelitian adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Petak utama adalah jenis varietas terdiri dari varietas dewata (V1), varietas selayar (V2). Anak petak adalah ketebalan mulsa terdiri dari tanpa mulsa (K0), ketebalan mulsa 2 cm (K1), ketebalan mulsa 4 cm (K2), ketebalan mulsa 6 cm (K3), ketebalan mulsa 8 cm (K4). Pengamatan secara destruktif mengambil 2 tanaman contoh setiap kombinasi perlakuan yang dilakukan saat tanaman berumur 20, 40, 60, 80 hst dan panen. Komponen pertumbuhan tanaman meliputi jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, bobot kering total tanaman. Komponen hasil meliputi jumlah malai per rumpun, panjang malai per rumpun, bobot malai per rumpun, serta komponen panen meliputi bobot kering total tanaman, bobot spikelet per rumpun, bobot spikelet per petak panen, hasil panen ha-1 dan bobot 1000 butir. Analisis pertumbuhan tanaman meliputi Laju Pertumbuhan Relatif dan Indeks Panen. Pengamatan lingkungan mikro yaitu kelembaban tanah dan suhu tanah. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalis menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5%. Apabila terdapat interaksi atau pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji antar perlakuan menggunakan BNJ pada taraf 5%. Varietas dewata dan selayar dengan ketebalan mulsa 4 cm memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang baik. Ketebalan mulsa 4 cm dapat meningkatkan hasil panen sebesar 22,5% pada varietas dewata dan 26,21% pada varietas selayar dibandingkan dengan tanpa penambahan mulsa.
English Abstract
Wheat is one of the types of plants in grain which had potential as a source of alternative foodstuffs other than rice. Wheat flour consumption in Indonesia by 2014 reach 5.35 million tons or approximately 4.1% compared to the year 2012. Comonlly wheat plant grown in the highlands and of varieties used are Dewata and Selayar. The mulch thickness levels treatment aims to maintain soil moisture, suppress the rate of erosion or soil, and water evaporation can be fulfilled and crop can grow and thrive. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of varieties and thickness husk mulch on the growth and yield of wheat crops, determine varieties and thickness husk mulch levels corresponding to the growth and yield of wheat plants. Research hyphotesis is range of different varieties require different levels of mulch thickness towards growth and crop yield. The research was conducted at June until September 2016 in the Tegalgondo village, Karangploso district, Malang. The tools used consist of hoe, a digital camera, a ruler or tape measure, scissors, plastic, analytic scales, LAM (Leaf Area Meter), oven thermometer and soil moisture. The material used the seed of wheat Dewata varieties, Selayar varieties, urea fertilizer, KCl fertilizer and SP36 fertilizer. The design of the treatments used Split Plot Design with three replicates. The main plot was consists of dewata variety (V1) and selayar variety (V2). While some types of husk mulch thickness as a sub plot consists of without mulch (K0), 2 cm husk mulch thickness (K1), 4 cm husk mulch thickness (K2), 6 cm husk mulch thickness (K3), 8 cm husk mulch thickness (K4). Observations made in 2 plants by taking a destructive example for every combination of the treatments done at the age 20, 40, 60, 80 dap and harvest. Plant growth components includes the number of leaf, leaf area, total number of tiller, total number of productive tiller, total dry weight of plant, components results include number of panicles per clump, length of panicles per clump and weight of panicle per clump, and component of harvest include total dry weight of plants, spikelet weight per clump, spikelet weight per harvest plotting, harvest per hectare and weight of 1000 seeds. Analysis of plant growth include the relative Growth Rate and Harvest Index. Observation on the micro environment includes soil moisture and soil temperature. The data will be analyzed by F test level at 5%. Results of analysis of variance which shows the significant effect will be further tested by HSD test level at 5%. Dewata and selayar varieties with 4 cm thickness of mulch showed the highest growth and result. Thickness of mulch 4 cm could be increase harvest result amount 22,5% at dewata varieties and 26,21% at selayar varieties compared without the addition of mulch.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/245/051705333 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Jul 2017 02:05 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Oct 2020 07:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/390 |
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