Permatasari., Zatalini Putri (2017) Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam dan Jumlah Tanaman terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Alboglabra) dalam Sistem Budidaya Vertikultur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Alboglabra) termasuk dalam family Cruciferae atau Brassicacea. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (2015) produksi sayuran kubis – kubisan khususnya kailan di Indonesia dari tahun 2010 – 2014 sebesar 1.385.044 ton, 1.363.741 ton, 1.450.046 ton, 1.480.625 ton, dan 1.435.840 ton. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa produksi nasional sayuran masih belum memenuhi permintaan pasar sehingga masih terbuka lebar peningkatan produksi agar mampu memenuhi tingkat konsumsi sayuran nasional. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya tingkat produksi tanaman ini ialah beralihnya fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi daerah perindustrian. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya suatu sistem bercocok tanam untuk penananaman tanaman kailan di lahan yang sempit. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan ialah sistem budidaya secara vertikultur. Kendala dalam sistem budidaya vertikultur ialah belum diketahuinya populasi optimal bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Gulita (2012) pada tanaman pakcoy, menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan populasi tanaman berpengaruh terhadap luas daun. Peningkatan populasi tanaman sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan vegetatif tanaman sehingga akan mempengaruhi tingkat produksi panen suatu tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan komposisi media tanam dan jumlah tanaman yang tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan dalam sistem budidaya vertikultur. Hipotesis penelitian adalah (1) Komposisi media tanam tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir dengan jumlah populasi 8 tanaman mampu menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan per tanaman yang paling baik, (2) Komposisi media tanam tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir dengan jumlah populasi 12 tanaman mampu menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan per meter yang paling baik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Juni 2016 di Desa Pandanrejo, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan ialah komposisi media tanam dan jumlah tanaman yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = tanah + pupuk kandang (1:2) + 8 tanaman/m, P2 = tanah + pupuk kandang (1:2) + 10 tanaman/m, P3 = tanah + pupuk kandang (1:2) + 12 tanaman/m, P4 = tanah + pupuk kandang + arang sekam (1:1:1) + 8 tanaman/m, P5 = tanah + pupuk kandang + arang sekam (1:1:1) + 10 tanaman/m, P6 = tanah + pupuk kandang + arang sekam (1:1:1) + 12 tanaman/m, P7 = tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir (1:1:1) + 8 tanaman/m, P8 = tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir (1:1:1) + 10 tanaman/m, P9 = tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir (1:1:1) + 12 tanaman/m. Parameter yang diamati ialah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun pertanaman, bobot segar total per tanaman dan per meter, bobot segar konsumsi per tanaman dan per meter, bobot segar akar per tanaman dan per meter, bobot kering total per tanaman dan per meter, bobot kering akar per tanaman dan per meter. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F hitung) pada taraf 5%, apabila diperoleh pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan komposisi media tanam dan jumlah tanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan, meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar total per tanaman, bobot segar akar per meter, bobot kering total per tanaman dan per meter, bobot kering akar per tanaman dan per meter, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot segar total per meter, bobot segar konsumsi per tanaman dan per meter, dan bobot segar akar per tanaman. Bobot segar konsumsi per meter pada perlakuan 8 tanaman/m ; 10 tanaman/m ; dan 12 tanaman/m berturut – turut berkisar antara 409,57 – 422,17 g ; 432, 50 – 517,20 ; dan 503,60 – 537,33 g. Perlakuan komposisi media Tanah + Pupuk Kandang + Pasir + 8 tanaman menunjukkan bobot kering total per tanaman yang tidak berbeda dengan komposisi media Tanah + Pupuk Kandang + Pasir + 10 tanaman, Tanah + Pupuk Kandang + 8 tanaman, Tanah + Pupuk Kandang + Arang Sekam + 8 tanaman. Pada masing – masing komposisi media tanam, bobot kering total per tanaman dengan jumlah 8 tanaman/m lebih tinggi daripada 12 tanaman/m, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan 10 tanaman/m. Sedangkan pada bobot kering total per meter dengan jumlah 12 tanaman/m lebih tinggi daripada 8 tanaman/m, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan 10 tanaman/m.
English Abstract
Kailan (Brassica oleracea L. var. Alboglabra) belongs to the family Cruciferae or Brassicacea. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (2015) vegetables production of cabbage specifically for kailan in Indonesia from 2010 until 2014 amounted to 1,385,044 tons, 1,363,741 tons, 1,450,046 tons, 1,480,625 tons and 1.43584 million tons. This proves that the national production of vegetables is still not meet the market demand is still very wide open, so that the increase in production in order to meet the level of the national vegetable consumption. One cause of low production of these plants is to shift the function of agricultural land into industrial areas. It’s therefore necessary to have a cultivation system for kailan cultivation in narrow land. One technology that can be used is vertikultur cultivation system. Constraints in the culture system is not yet known vertikultur optimum population for the growth and yield kailan. Results of research conducted by the Gullita (2012) on the plant pakcoy, showed that the treatment plant population influence on leaf area. Increasing plant population influence the development of vegetative plants that will affect the harvest of a crop production. The purpose of this research is to get the composition of planting media and the appropriate number of plants that able increase on growth and yield of kailan in the verticulture cultivation system. The hypothesis is (1) The composition of planting media soil + manure + sand with a population of 8 plants that able to increase growth and yield of kailan per plant, (2) The composition of planting media soil + manure + sand with a population of 12 plants that able to increase growth and yield of kailan per meter. This research was conducted in April – June 2016 on Pandanrejo village, Bumiaji district, Batu city. Research conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments is composition of planting media and number of plants were repeated 3 times repetition. The treatment consists of P1 = soil + manure (1: 2) + 8 plants / m, P2 = soil + manure (1: 2) + 10 plants / m, P3 = soil + manure (1: 2) + 12 plants / m, P4 = soil + manure + charcoal husk (1: 1: 1) + 8 plants / m, P5 = soil + manure + charcoal husk (1: 1: 1) + 10 plants / m, P6 = soil + manure + charcoal husk (1: 1: 1) + 12 plants / m, P7 = soil + manure + sand (1: 1: 1) + 8 plants / m, P8 = soil + manure + sand ( 1: 1: 1) + 10 plants / m, P9 = soil + manure + sand (1: 1: 1) + 12 plants / m. Parameter observed is plant height, leaf number, leaf area planting, fresh weight total per plant and per meter, fresh weight of consumption per plant and per meter, fresh weight of roots per plant and per meter, total dry matter per plant and per meter, root dry weight per plant and per meter. Analysis of data using analysis of variance (F test count) at the level of 5%, if the acquired real influence continued with LSD (Least Significant Difference) at 5% level. The results showed that the treatment composition of planting media and the number of plants significantly affected plant height, leaf number, leaf area, total of fresh weight per plant, fresh weight of root per meter, total of dry weight per plant and per meter, dry weight of root per plant and per meter, and not significantly affected for total of fresh weight per meter, fresh weight consumption per plant and per meter, and fresh weight of root per plant. Fresh weight consumption per meter on treatments 8 plants/m ; 10 plants/m ; and 12 plants/m respectively ranged from 409.57 - 422.17 g ; 432, 50 - 517.20 g ; and 503.60 - 537.33 g. The treatment composition of media Soil + Manure + Sand + 8 plants showed total of dry weight per plant similar to the composition of media Soil + Manure + Sand + 10 plants, Soil + Manure + 8 plants, Soil + Manure + Charcoal Husk + 8 plants. In each composition of planting media, the total dry weight per plant with an amount of 8 plants/m is higher than 12 plants/m, but not significantly different with 10 plants/m. While in total dry weight per meter with the amount of 12 plants/m higher than 8 plants/m, but not significantly different with 10 plants/m.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/244/051705332 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.3 Edible leaves, flowers, stems > 635.34 Cabbage |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Jul 2017 02:01 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Oct 2020 11:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/389 |
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