Yulianto, Wahyu Ari (2017) Perancangan Unit Produksi Pupuk Organik Granul Berbasis Kotoran Sapi pada Skala Menengah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sektor pertanian di Indonesia saat ini masih bergantung dengan keberadaan pupuk kimia yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas hasil pertanian. Solusi mengatasi ketergantungan pupuk kimia yaitu dengan mengganti pupuk kimia dengan pupuk organik yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Permasalahan pupuk organik di Indonesia yaitu jumlah dan kapasitas indstri pupuk organik yang minim dan pemanfaatan bahan baku yang belum optimal. Kebutuhan pupuk organik di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2016 meningkat 2,313%, akan tetapi realisasi produksi mengalami penurunan sebesar 10,665%. Potensi bahan baku pupuk organik yang melimpah di Jawa Timur tidak diiringi dengan pemanfaatan menjadi pupuk organik dalam skala industri. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai perancangan unit produksi pupuk organik granul dengan kapasitas 20 ton/hari untuk mengetahui kelayakan produksi dari segi teknis dan finansial. Spesifikasi pupuk organik yang dihasilkan yaitu nilai C/N ratio sebesar 10,925. Seleksi proses untuk produksi pupuk organik yaitu penambahan darah ternak dan penggunaan EM4 untuk fermentasi. Kapasitas produksi pupuk organik sebesar 6.000 ton/tahun. Mesin yang digunakan yaitu vertical mixer, horizontal mixer, hammer mill, pan granulator, rotary dryer, trommel screen, rotary cooler, dan packing machine. Kebutuhan bahan baku kotoran sapi yaitu 16,8 ton/hari, kotoran ayam mencapai 13,44 ton/hari, darah ternak yaitu 672 kg/hari, EM4 dan molase yaitu mencapai 30 kg/hari, air mencapai 1.520 kg/hari, kapur pertanian 3.624 kg/hari, dan kebutuhan mixtro mencapai 232 kg/hari. Utilitas yang digunakan yaitu gas LPG 130,328 kg/hari, listrik 589,94 kWh, dan air. Proses produksi pupuk organik diawali dari proses pembuatan cairan mikroba, pencampuran bahan, proses fermentasi, penghalusan, pengeringan, pengayakan, pendinginan, dan pengemasan. Tenaga kerja dibagi menjadi dua yaitu tenaga kerja langsung berjumlah 30 orang dan tenaga kerja tak langsung berjumlah 2 orang. Hasil analisis finansial yaitu dana investasi pendirian industri pupuk organik granul ini sebesar Rp6.542.588.650. Harga pokok produksi yaitu Rp762,756, dengan harga jual Rp1.100/kg. Nilai Break Event Point sebesar 1.972,845 ton atau Rp2.170.129.850. Payback periode selama 3,741 tahun. Net Present Value sebesar Rp625.369.360. Internal Rate of Return sebesar 22,823%. Berdasaran analisis kelayakan finansial yang dilakukan maka perancangan unit produksi pupuk organik berbasis kotoran sapi pada skala menengah dikatakan layak (feasible).
English Abstract
The agricultural sector in Indonesia is still dependent on the existence of chemical fertilizers which can decreased productivity of agricultural products. Solutions to overcome the dependence of chemical fertilizers is to replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers are more environmentally friendly. The problem of organic fertilizer in Indonesia is the quantity and capacity of organic fertilizer and the minimal utilization of raw materials that have not been optimal. The need for organic fertilizer in East Java in 2016 increased 2,313%, but the realization of production decreased by 10,665%. The potential of raw material of abundant organic fertilizer in East Java is not accompanied by the utilization of organic fertilizer in industrial scale. Therefore, research on the design of organic fertilizer granule production unit with a capacity of 20 tons/day to determine the feasibility of production in terms of technical and financial. Specification of organic fertilizer produced is the value of C/N ratio of 10.925. Selection process for the production of organic fertilizer is the addition of cattle blood and the use of EM4 for fermentation. Production capacity of organic fertilizer is 6,000 tons/year. The machine used is vertical mixer, horizontal mixer, hammer mill, pan granulator, rotary dryer, trommel screen, rotary cooler, and packing machine. The need of raw material of cow dung is 16.8 tons/day, chicken manure is 13.44 tons/day, cattle blood is 672 kg/day, EM4 and molasses is 30 kg/day, water is 1,520 kg/day, calcium carbonate is 3.624 kg/day, and the needs of mixtro is 232 kg/day. Utilities used are LPG gasses 130,328 kg/day, electricity 589.94 kWh, and water. The process of producing organic fertilizer begins from the process of making microbial solution, mixing materials, fermentation process, refinement, drying, sifting, cooling, and packaging. The workforce is divided into two, namely direct labor is 30 peoples and indirect labor is 2 peoples. The result of financial analysis is investment fund of establishment of organic fertilizer granule industry is Rp6.542.588.650. The cost of production is Rp762,756, with the selling price of Rp1,100 / kg. Break Event Point value of 1,972,845 tons or Rp2,170,129,850. Payback period for 3,741 years. Net Present Value of Rp625,369,360. Internal Rate of Return of 22.823%. Based on the financial feasibility analysis conducted, the design of organic fertilizer production unit based on cow dung on the medium scale is feasible.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2017/450/051709298 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Darah, Kotoran ayam, Kotoran sapi, Pupuk organik, Rancangan unit produksi |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.8 Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators > 631.86 Organic fertilizers |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Oct 2017 06:06 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jun 2022 01:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/3673 |
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